THE USE OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES FOR THE TREATMENT OF BLADDER DYSFUNCTION: A REVIEW OF METHODS
Abstract
PURPOSE: We reviewed the literature on the application of various devices and techniques for the electrical stimulation treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction with respect to mechanism of action and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was done in PubMed of publications on intravesical stimulation, direct bladder stimulation, stimulation of the pelvic and pudendal nerves, transcutaneous-electrical nerve stimulation, stimulation of the sacral spine and roots, and lower limb stimulation. RESULTS: It is difficult truly to compare different treatment modalities because there are hardly any randomized placebo controlled studies. Also, there is considerable variety in treatment parameters and schedules reported as well as in criteria for success. Nevertheless, it can be said that electrical neurostimulation and neuromodulation result in a 30% to 50% clinical success on an intent to treat basis. Influencing lower urinary tract innervation at the level of sacral roots seems successful in neurological and nonneurological cases. It has the advantage of pretesting possibilities to improve patient selection and treatment outcome with the obvious drawback of invasiveness. Noninvasive techniques lack screening tests, making patient selection a matter of trial and error, and when there is success patients almost always need maintenance therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Randomized clinical trials to compare different techniques and evaluate placebo effects are urgently needed, as are further studies to elucidate modes of action to improve stimulation application and therapy results. The introduction of new stimulation methods may provide treatment alternatives as well as help answer more basic questions on electrical neurostimulation and neuromodulation.
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Impedance testing of the sputtered iridium oxide films also revealed Bode plots with slightly higher impedances compared the sputtered iridium oxide films reported by Cogan et al. [1] and Slavcheva et al [2], but lower compared to electrodeposited and activated iridium oxide films [3].
“Impedance testing of the sputtered iridium oxide films also revealed Bode plots with slightly higher impedances compared the sputtered iridium oxide films reported by Cogan et al. [1] and Slavcheva et al [2], but lower compared to electrodeposited and activated iridium oxide films [3].”
From Flexible Nerve Stimulation Electrode With Iridium Oxide Sputtered on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- van BALKEN, M. R., VERGUNST, H., & BEMELMANS, B. L. H.
- Affiliations
- From the Departments of Urology, University Medical Center Nijmegen and Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen (HV), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Urology
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 846-851
- ISSN
- 0022-5347 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-3792
- OpenAlex
- W2146282320
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Urology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Keywords
- bladder dysfunction, electrical stimulation, neurostimulation, neuromodulation, lower urinary tract dysfunction, pudendal nerve stimulation, sacral neuromodulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, pelvic nerve stimulation, sacral roots, treatment outcomes, patient selection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Urinary Bladder, Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Humans, Leg, Perineum, Spinal Nerve Roots, Urination Disorders, Muscle, Skeletal
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