The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Physical and Mental Health Effects of Family Caregiving
Open accessAbstract
In Brief Adverse—and even positive—outcomes in a chronic stress experience. Adverse—and even positive—outcomes in a chronic stress experience.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A study has shown that caregiver labor costs were often unappreciated by their informal caregivers and completely unrecognized by the healthcare system at large [22].”
From Preparedness, resilience and unmet needs of informal caregivers of advanced cancer patients in a Regional Mission Hospital in Kenya: Qualitative Study (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Caring for older adults with chronic illnesses or disabilities who cannot live independently and require assistance with daily activities can adversely impact family caregivers’ physical and psychological well-being [1].”
From Coping strategies among family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults in Lebanon amid the economic crisis (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Social Relationships and Health
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3399889 · Cited by 7,073
Caregiving as a Risk Factor for Mortality: The Caregiver Health Effects Study
Schulz, R., & Beach, S. R. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.23.2215 · Cited by 3,340
Self-citationPinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.250 · Cited by 2,857
Schulz, R., O'Brien, A. T., Bookwala, J., & Fleissner, K. (1995) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/35.6.771 · Cited by 1,765
Self-citationIs caregiving hazardous to one’s physical health? A meta-analysis
Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., & Scanlan, J. M. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.946 · Cited by 1,734
Gender Differences in Caregiver Stressors, Social Resources, and Health: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/61.1.p33 · Cited by 1,213
Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D., & Smith, D. M. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.14461 · Cited by 1,142
Correlates of Physical Health of Informal Caregivers: A Meta-Analysis
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/62.2.p126 · Cited by 1,132
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/58.2.p112 · Cited by 1,108
Ory, M. G., Hoffman, R. R., Yee, J. L., Tennstedt, S., & Schulz, R. (1999) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/39.2.177 · Cited by 991
Self-citationEffect of spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients
McClain, C. S., Rosenfeld, B., & Breitbart, W. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13310-7 · Cited by 812
The Economic Value Of Informal Caregiving
Arno, P. S., Levine, C., & Memmott, M. M. (1999) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.182 · Cited by 697
Psychiatric and Physical Morbidity Effects of Caregiving
Schulz, R., VISINTAINER, P. F., & Williamson, G. M. (1990) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/45.5.p181 · Cited by 639
Self-citationHaley, W. E., Levine, E. G., Brown, S. L., & Bartolucci, A. A. (1987) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.2.4.323 · Cited by 602
Tarlow, B. J., Wisniewski, S. R., Belle, S. H., Rubert, M., Ory, M. G., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2004) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027504264493 · Cited by 588
End-of-Life Care and the Effects of Bereavement on Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Schulz, R., Mendelsohn, A. B., Haley, W. E., Mahoney, D., Allen, R. S., Zhang, S., Thompson, L., & Belle, S. H. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa035373 · Cited by 543
Self-citationMortality after the Hospitalization of a Spouse
Christakis, N. A., & Allison, P. D. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa050196 · Cited by 501
Schulz, R., Newsom, J. T., Mittelmark, M. B., Burton, L. C., Hirsch, C. H., & Jackson, S. (1997) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02883327 · Cited by 466
Self-citationNational Estimates of the Quantity and Cost of Informal Caregiving for the Elderly with Dementia*
Langa, K. M., Chernew, M. E., Kabeto, M. U., Herzog, A. R., Ofstedal, M. B., Willis, R. J., Wallace, R. B., Mucha, L., Straus, W. L., & Fendrick, A. M. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.10123.x · Cited by 456
Long-term Care Placement of Dementia Patients and Caregiver Health and Well-being
Schulz, R. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.8.961 · Cited by 388
Self-citationCarer distress: A prospective, population-based study
Hirst, M. A. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.01.001 · Cited by 367
Correlates of subjective health in older adults: A meta-analysis.
Pinquart, M. (2001) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.16.3.414 · Cited by 365
Correlates of subjective health in older adults: A meta-analysis.
Pinquart, M. (2001) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.16.3.414 · Cited by 349
Transitions in spousal caregiving
Burton, L. C., Zdaniuk, B., Schulz, R., Jackson, S., & Hirsch, C. (2003) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/43.2.230 · Cited by 225
Self-citationEstimating the cost of informal caregiving for elderly patients with cancer.
Hayman, J., Langa, K., Kabeto, M. U., Katz, S., Demonner, S., Chernew, M., Slavin, M., & Fendrick, A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.13.3219 · Cited by 221
Seltzer, M. M., & Li, L. (2000) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/40.2.165 · Cited by 210
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-5105 · Cited by 206
Longitudinal analysis of multiple indicators of health decline among spousal caregivers
Shaw, W. S., Patterson, T. L., Semple, S. J., Ho, S., Irwin, M. R., Hauger, R. L., & Grant, I. (1997) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02883326 · Cited by 167
Patient suffering and caregiver compassion: new opportunities for research, practice, and policy.
Schulz, R., Hebert, R. S., Dew, M. A., Brown, S. L., Scheier, M. F., Beach, S. R., Czaja, S. J., Martire, L. M., Coon, D., Langa, K. M., et al. (2007) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/47.1.4 · Cited by 163
Self-citationTwo Transitions in Daughters' Caregiving Careers
Lawton, M. P., Moss, M. S., Hoffman, C. J., & Perkinson, M. A. (2000) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/40.4.437 · Cited by 157
Spousal caregivers' activity restriction and depression: A model for changes over time
Nieboer, A. P., Schulz, R., Matthews, K. A., Scheier, M. F., Ormel, J., & Lindenberg, S. M. (1998) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00214-7 · Cited by 145
Self-citationDementia patient suffering and caregiver depression.
Schulz, R., McGinnis, K. A., Zhang, S., Martire, L. M., Hebert, R. S., Beach, S. R., Zdaniuk, B., Czaja, S. J., & Belle, S. H. (2008) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e31816653cc · Cited by 117
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2007, Health effects of caregiving: Studies of helping behavior needed Alzheimers Care T, oday, 8, 235
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social relationships and health a flashpoint for health policy
Umberson, D., & Karas Montez, J. (2010) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146510383501 · Cited by 2,639
Knaul, F. M., Farmer, P. E., Krakauer, E. L., De Lima, L., Bhadelia, A., Jiang Kwete, X., Arreola-Ornelas, H., Gómez-Dantés, O., Rodriguez, N. M., Alleyne, G. A. O., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32513-8 · Cited by 1,456
Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: Framing the challenges to health
Heise, L., Greene, M. E., Opper, N., Stavropoulou, M., Harper, C., Nascimento, M., Zewdie, D., Darmstadt, G. L., Greene, M. E., Hawkes, S., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30652-x · Cited by 1,163
Informal Caregiving and Its Impact on Health: A Reappraisal From Population-Based Studies
Roth, D. L., Fredman, L., & Haley, W. E. (2015) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnu177 · Cited by 965
Family Caregiving for Older Adults
Schulz, R., Beach, S. R., Czaja, S. J., Martire, L. M., & Monin, J. K. (2020) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050754 · Cited by 754
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Schulz, R., & Sherwood, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- AJN, American Journal of Nursing
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 23-27
- ISSN
- 0002-936X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2791523
- OpenAlex
- W1984768353
- Cited by
- 1,375
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 115 · 2025: 165 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- AJN American Journal of Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR008272, NR 08272, NR009573, R01NR009573)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- family caregiving, caregiver health, physical health, mental health, chronic stress, caregiver outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Chronic Disease, Dementia, Depression, Family, Family Health, Health Promotion, Health Status, Home Nursing, Humans, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Research Design, Risk Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Nursing Research, Caregivers, Cost of Illness, Disease Progression, Health Transition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review