Cited by 82HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV, Drug Use, Sexual RiskAdolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health

Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions Do Not Inadvertently Increase the Overall Frequency of Sexual Behavior: A Meta-analysis of 174 Studies With 116,735 Participants

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Smoak, Natalie D., Scott-Sheldon, Lori A.J., Johnson, Blair T., Carey, Michael P.·2006·JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Abstract

A meta-analytic review of the influence of HIV risk reduction interventions on sexual occasions, number of partners, and abstinence was conducted to assess whether condom-related interventions inadvertently undermine sexual risk reduction efforts by increasing the frequency of sexual behavior. Included studies examined sexual risk reduction strategies and used a controlled design. Data from 174 studies (206 interventions, N = 116,735 participants) were included. In general, HIV risk reduction interventions neither increased nor decreased sexual occasions or number of partners reported. Participants in intervention conditions were less likely to be sexually active than those in control conditions. When samples included more black participants, interventions reduced the number of sexual occasions; interventions were more successful at reducing the number of partners in samples that included more men who have sex with men (MSM) or individuals engaged in sex trading. Samples that included more MSM were more likely to adopt abstinence as a risk reduction strategy. Interventions that included more information, motivational enhancement, and skills training also led to greater risk reduction. HIV risk reduction interventions do not increase the overall frequency of sexual activity. To the contrary, for some subgroups, interventions that include components recommended by behavioral science theory reduce the frequency of sexual events and partners.

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Crossref · 10.1097/01.qai.0000185575.36591.fc

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Authors
Smoak, N. D., Scott-Sheldon, L. A. J., Johnson, B. T., & Carey, M. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • Syracuse University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Smoak, Natalie D.
  • Johnson, Blair T.
Venue
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Published
2006-03
Volume
41
Issue
3
Pages
374-384
ISSN
1525-4135 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2069270284
Cited by
82
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2012: 5
FWCI
1.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (K02 MH01582, R01MH058563, R01-MH58563, K02MH001582)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Keywords
HIV risk reduction interventions, sexual risk behavior, sexual frequency, number of sexual partners, abstinence, condom use, men who have sex with men, sex work, motivation enhancement, skills training, behavioral interventions, HIV prevention
MeSH terms
Adult, Communicable Disease Control, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Abstinence, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV Infections, Condoms, Safe Sex, Risk Reduction Behavior

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