Verbal Fluency Predicts Mortality in Alzheimer Disease
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive value of neuropsychologic profiles, at diagnosis, for mortality in incident Alzheimer disease (AD). BACKGROUND: Rate of AD progression varies significantly across individuals for reasons that are not well understood. Several studies have linked rapid decline with disproportionately impaired executive functioning, presumably reflecting greater impairment of frontal networks. To the extent that differential neuropsychologic profiles reflect various neuropathologic presentations of AD, such profiles may inform survival estimates early in the disease. METHODS: Five neuropsychologic indices were used to characterize performance in 161 individuals at diagnosis of AD during a 15-year, longitudinal, primarily community-based study. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of participants reached the mortality end point with a median survival of 5.52 years (95% confidence interval, 4.41-6.63). Cox proportional hazards analyses indicated that older age at diagnosis was associated with higher risk of mortality (risk ratios, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.12) whereas Hispanic ethnicity predicted lower mortality [0.22 (0.09-0.55)]. Controlling for these 2 demographic variables, higher verbal fluency scores at diagnosis predicted lower mortality [0.69 (0.49-0.96)]. CONCLUSIONS: Disproportionate impairment of both category and letter fluency at the earliest stages of AD predicts mortality. The prognostic value of these tests may derive from their general psychometric properties, or may reflect the measures' sensitivity to an early or critical level of compromise to frontal networks.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Declines in global cognition and executive function markedly raise the risk of death, dementia, and functional disability.
“Declines in global cognition and executive function markedly raise the risk of death, dementia, and functional disability.39,40,41”
From Sex differences in cognitive decline among US adults (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
The Results (p. 1) link lower verbal fluency at Alzheimer disease diagnosis with higher mortality, supporting part of the executive-function and death claim. But the study examined scores at diagnosis, not cognitive declines; its mortality model found no significant association for global cognition (Table 3, p. 4). It did not assess the risk of developing dementia or functional disability. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742 · see citing works
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,010 · see citing works
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589 · see citing works
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,803 · see citing works
Sensitivity and False Alarm Rate of a Fall Sensor in Long-Term Fall Detection in the Elderly
Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,003 · see citing works
Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., Weıntraub, S., & Segal, O. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,378 · see citing works
The assessment of aphasia and related disorders
Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,258 · see citing works
Practice parameter: Management of dementia (an evidence-based review) [RETIRED]
Doody, R. S., Stevens, J. E., Beck, C., Dubinsky, R., Kaye, J. A., Gwyther, L. P., Mohs, R. C., Thal, L. J., Whitehouse, P. J., DeKosky, S. T., et al. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.9.1154 · Cited by 1,703 · see citing works
Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning
Buschke, H., & Fuld, P. (1974) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.24.11.1019 · Cited by 1,614 · see citing works
Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease
Stern, Y. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510370056032 · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Self-citationKnopman, D. S., DeKosky, S. T., Cummings, J. L., Chui, H., Corey–Bloom, J., Relkin, N., Small, G. W., Miller, B., & Stevens, J. C. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.9.1143 · Cited by 1,410 · see citing works
Nagamatsu, L. S., Chan, A., Davis, J. C., Beattie, B. L., Graf, P., Voss, M. W., Sharma, D., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2013) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2013/861893 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
Nass, R. D. (1984) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410160524 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: a meta-analysis
Henry, J. D., Crawford, J. R., & Phillips, L. H. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.001 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease
Scarmeas, N., Levy, G., Tang, M.-X., Manly, J., & Stern, Y. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.12.2236 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Self-citationComparisons of Verbal Fluency Tasks in the Detection of Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Monsch, A. U., Bondi, M. W., Butters, N., Salmon, D. P., Katzman, R., & Thal, L. J. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530360051017 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Galton, C. J. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.3.484 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
A Reevaluation of the Duration of Survival after the Onset of Dementia
Wolfson, C. M., Wolfson, D. B., Asgharian, M., M’lan, C. E., Østbye, T., Rockwood, K. J., & Hogan, D. B. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200104123441501 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Survival after Initial Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease
Larson, E. B., Shadlen, M., Wang, L., McCormick, W. C., Bowen, J. D., Teri, L. L., & Kukull, W. A. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00008 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Clinical and Pathological Evidence for a Frontal Variant of Alzheimer Disease
Johnson, J. K., Head, E., Kim, R., Starr, A., & Cotman, C. W. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.10.1233 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Survival Following a Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease
Brookmeyer, R., Corrada, M. M., Curriero, F. C., & Kawas, C. H. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.11.1764 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
APPENDIX B: PRACTICE PARAMETER: DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA (AN EVIDENCE-BASED REVIEW)
(2007) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.con.0000267232.84626.41 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Diagnosis of Dementia in a Heterogeneous Population
Stern, Y. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530290035009 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Self-citationPredicting Time to Nursing Home Care and Death in Individuals With Alzheimer Disease
Stern, Y. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540340040030 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Self-citationRosser, A. E., & Hodges, J. R. (1994) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.11.1389 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Frontotemporal dementia progresses to death faster than Alzheimer disease
Roberson, E. D., Hesse, J., Rose, K. D., Slama, H., Johnson, J. K., Yaffe, K. S., Forman, M. S., Miller, C. A., Trojanowski, J. Q., Kramer, J. H., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000173837.82820.9f · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Cognitive and behavioral heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease: seeking the neurobiological basis
Cummings, J. L. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00183-4 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Stern, Y., Albert, M., Brandt, J., Jacobs, D. M., Tang, M.-X., Marder, K. S., Bell, K. L., Sano, M. E. B., Devanand, D. P., Bylsma, F., et al. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2300 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationExecutive dysfunction in early Alzheimer's disease.
Binetti, G. G., Magni, E., Padovani, A., Cappa, S. F., Bianchetti, A., & Trabucchi, M. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.1.91 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Rates of global and regional cerebral atrophy in AD and frontotemporal dementia
Chan, D., Fox, N. C., Jenkins, R., Scahill, R. I., Crum, W. R., & Rossor, M. N. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1756 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Ralph, M. A. L., Patterson, K. E., Graham, N. L., Dawson, K., & Hodges, J. R. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg236 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Heterogeneous anterior‐posterior metabolic patterns in dementia of the Alzheimer type
Haxby, J. V., Grady, C. L., Koss, E., Horwitz, B., Schapiro, M. B., Friedland, R. P., & Рапопорт, С. И. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.12.1853 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Factors affecting survival in Alzheimer's disease
Burns, A. S., Lewis, G., Jacoby, R. J., & Levy, R. (1991) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700020468 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Relating anatomy to function in Alzheimer's disease
Kanne, S., Balota, D. A., Storandt, M., McKeel, D. W., & Morris, J. C. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.4.979 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Factors Affecting Course and Survival in Alzheimer's Disease
Bracco, L. (1994) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1994.00540240057016 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Rate of cognitive decline and mortality in Alzheimer’s disease
Hui, J. S., Wilson, R. S., Bennett, D. A., Bienias, J. L., Gilley, D. W., & Evans, D. A. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000094327.68399.59 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Mann, U. M., Mohr, E., Gearing, M., & Chase, T. N. (1992) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.10.956 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Posterior Cortical Atrophy Variants of Alzheimer’s Disease
Aharon‐Peretz, J., Israel, O., Goldsher, D., & Peretz, A. (1999) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000017194 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ueki, A., Shinjo, H., Shimode, H., Nakajima, T., & Morita, Y. (2001) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.419 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Fisher, N., Rourke, B. P., & Bieliauskas, L. A. (1999) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.21.4.488.887 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and verbal fluency in Alzheimer's disease
Kitabayashi, Y., Ueda, H., Tsuchida, H., Iizumi, H., Narumoto, J., Nakamura, K., Kita, H., & Fukui, K. (2001) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00890.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Keilp, J. G., Gorlyn, M., Alexander, G. E., Stern, Y., & Prohovnik, I. (1999) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00032-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationLetter and Category Fluency in Alzheimer's Disease: A Prognostic Indicator of Progression?
Coen, R., Maguire, C., Swanwick, G., Kirby, M., Burke, T., Lawlor, B. A., Walsh, J. B., & Coakley, D. (1996) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000106887 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mungas, D., Wallace, R., & Reed, B. (1998) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1076/clin.12.2.129.1996 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Trajectory of Cognitive Decline After Incident Stroke
Levine, D. A., Galecki, A. T., Langa, K. M., Unverzagt, F. W., Kabeto, M. U., Giordani, B., & Wadley, V. G. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6968 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Sex differences in cognitive decline among US adults
Levine, D. A., Gross, A. L., Briceño, E. M., Tilton, N., Giordani, B. J., Sussman, J. B., Hayward, R. A., Burke, J. F., Hingtgen, S., Elkind, M. S. V., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0169 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Brodaty, H., Seeher, K., & Gibson, L. (2012) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610211002924 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Language impairment in Alzheimer's disease and benefits of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Ferris, S. H., & Farlow, M. R. (2013) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s39959 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Trail Making Test Predicts Physical Impairment and Mortality in Older Persons
Vazzana, R., Bandinelli, S., Lauretani, F., Volpato, S., Lauretani, F., Iorio, A. D., Abate, M., Corsi, A. M., Milaneschi, Y., Guralnik, J. M., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02780.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on human cognition – A systematic review
Skvarc, D., Dean, O. M., Byrne, L. K., Gray, L. J., Lane, S. E., Lewis, M., Fernandes, B. S., Berk, M., & Marriott, A. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.013 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Association between blood pressure and later-life cognition among black and white individuals
Levine, D. A., Gross, A. L., Briceño, E. M., Tilton, N., Kabeto, M. U., Hingtgen, S. M., Giordani, B. J., Sussman, J. B., Hayward, R. A., Burke, J. F., et al. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0568 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Dementia and Life Expectancy: What Do We Know?
Lee, M., & Chodosh, J. (2009) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2009.03.014 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Blood Pressure and Cognitive Decline Over 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Black and White Americans
Levine, D. A., Galecki, A. T., Langa, K. M., Unverzagt, F. W., Kabeto, M. U., Giordani, B., Cushman, M., McClure, L. A., Safford, M. M., & Wadley, V. G. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12062 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Aspects of communication in Alzheimer's disease: clinical features and treatment options
Woodward, M. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610213000318 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Maseda, A., Lodeiro-Fernández, L., Lorenzo‐López, L., Núñez‐Naveira, L., Balo-García, A., & Millán-Calentí, J. C. (2014) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.908457 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Treatment effects of Memantine on language in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease patients
Ferris, S. H., Ihl, R., Robert, P. H., Winblad, B. G., Gatz, G., Tennigkeit, F., & Gauthier, S. G. (2009) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.05.604 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Semantic Verbal Fluency test in dementia: Preliminary retrospective analysis
Lopes, M. A., Brucki, S. M. D., Giampaoli, V., & Mansur, L. L. (2009) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30400009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Recurrent perseverations on semantic verbal fluency tasks as an early marker of cognitive impairment
Pakhomov, S., Eberly, L. E., & Knopman, D. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1438372 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Crowell, V., Reyes, A., Zhou, S. Q., Vassilaki, M. E., Gsteiger, S., & Gustavsson, A. (2023) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03353-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Phonemic verbal fluency and age: A preliminary study
Steiner, V. A. G., Mansur, L. L., Brucki, S. M. D., & Nitríni, R. (2008) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20400017 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Which neuropsychological tests predict progression to Alzheimer’s disease in Hispanics?
Weissberger, G. H., Salmon, D. P., Bondi, M. W., & Gollan, T. H. (2013) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0032399 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Early Frontal Executive Impairment as a Predictor of Subsequent Behavior Disturbance in Dementia
Tsoi, T., Baillon, S. F., & Lindesay, J. E. B. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318151fb42 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ghisletta, P. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/63.3.p185 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Verbal fluency: Effect of time on item generation
Venegas, M. J., & Mansur, L. L. (2011) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05020008 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ferris, S. H., Schmitt, F. A., Saxton, J. A., Richardson, S., Mackell, J. A., Sun, Y., & Xu, Y. (2011) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt84 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
When Language Breaks Down: Analysing Discourse in Clinical Contexts
Elissa, D., & de Villiers, J. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Executive Function Predicts Survival in Alzheimer Disease
Zhou, B., Zhao, Q., Teramukai, S., Ding, D., Guo, Q., Fukushima, M., & Hong, Z. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-100318 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Co, M., Couch, E., Gao, Q., Martinez, A., Das‐Munshi, J., & Prina, M. (2021) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5590 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tsai, C.-F., Wang, S., Zheng, L., & Fuh, J. (2010) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02107.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Turning the Spotlight to Cholinergic Pharmacotherapy of the Human Language System
Dávila, G., Torres‐Prioris, M. J., López-Barroso, D., & Berthier, M. L. (2023) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-023-01017-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Predictors of Life Expectancy in Autopsy-Confirmed Alzheimer’s Disease1
Schaffert, J., LoBue, C., Hynan, L. S., Hart, J., Rossetti, H., Carlew, A. R., Lacritz, L., White, C. L., & Cullum, C. M. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215200 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Herden, J. M., Hermann, P., Schmidt, I., Dittmar, K., Canaslan, S., Weglage, L., Nuhn, S., Volpers, C., Schlung, A., Goebel, S., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01249-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Is the left uncinate fasciculus associated with verbal fluency decline in mild Alzheimer's disease?
Kljajević, V., Dyrba, M., Kasper, E., & Teipel, S. J. (2016) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.1515/tnsci-2016-0014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Levine, D., Gross, A., Briceño, E., Tilton, N., Whitney, R., Han, D., Giordani, B., Sussman, J. B., Hayward, R., Burke, J. F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220366 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Verbal Fluency Selectively Predicts Survival in Old and Very Old Age
Ghisletta, P., Aichele, S., Gerstorf, D., Carollo, A., & Lindenberger, U. (2025) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976241311923 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Grandi, F., Martínez‐Pernía, D., Parra, M. A., Olavarría, L., Huepe, D., Alegria, P., Aliaga, Á., Lillo, P., Delgado, C., Tenorio, M., et al. (2022) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2021-0059 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Ability to Pun May be Retained in Alzheimer Disease
Hawkins, D. B., & Graff‐Radford, N. R. (2007) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554790701254673 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Verbal fluency and intrinsic brain activity in Alzheimer’s disease
Kljajević, V. (2015) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2015.56.573 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Heimann, F., Weiß, S., & Müller, H. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2023.1171133 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Symptoms of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder Interactively Predict Children’s Verbal Fluency
Xing, J., Wei, R., Wang, H., Hua, Z., Tang, X., Yi, L., Li, X., & Liu, J. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547241232081 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gabrić, P., & Vandek, M. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.30.21268567 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Day service use and improved Serial 7 and Verbal fluency scores in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Honjo, Y., Ide, K., & Takechi, H. (2022) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12868 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cárcamo, J., Kociolek, A. J., Fernández, K. K., Gu, Y., Zhu, C. W., Stern, Y., & Cosentino, S. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210019 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationFalse recall in Alzheimer's disease : relation with semantic fluency and attention
Hasegawa, C., Hirono, N., & Yamadori, A. (2009) · Higher Brain Function Research · doi:10.2496/hbfr.29.366 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intranasal Insulin in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pragmatic Account
Schatz, S., & Rivera, M. G. (2019) · OBM Geriatrics · doi:10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903069 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Individual differences in verbal fluency
Rozek, E. K. (2009) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lodeiro-Fernández, L. (2011) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality and Patient Retention in Clinical Trials
Arrighi, H. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411464-7.00011-0
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
(2007) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1629
Crowell, V., Reyes, A., Zhou, S. Q., Vassilaki, M. E., Gsteiger, S., & Gustavsson, A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23949732
Herden, J. M., Hermann, P., Schmidt, I., Dittmar, K., Canaslan, S., Weglage, L., Nuhn, S., Volpers, C., Schlung, A., Goebel, S., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23435008
Herden, J. M., Hermann, P., Schmidt, I., Dittmar, K., Canaslan, S., Weglage, L., Nuhn, S., Volpers, C., Schlung, A., Goebel, S., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23434999
Herden, J. M., Hermann, P., Schmidt, I., Dittmar, K., Canaslan, S., Weglage, L., Nuhn, S., Volpers, C., Schlung, A., Goebel, S., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23435005
Crowell, V., Reyes, A., Zhou, S. Q., Vassilaki, M. E., Gsteiger, S., & Gustavsson, A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23949729
Lexical and clinical predictors of verbal fluency interword intervals preceding cognitive impairment
Murray, O. K., Bushnell, J., Unverzagt, F. W., Gaizo, J. D., Wadley, V. G., Kennedy, R. E., Ayers, M. R., & Clark, D. G. (2026) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109400
Kyoda, K., Yamazaki, N., Takahashi, C., & Matsushita, I. (2026) · Qualitative Research in Communication Differences and Disorders · doi:10.3138/qrcdd-2025-0013
Semantic fluency predicts survival of memory clinic patients
Frings, L., Brumberg, J., & Meyer, P. T. (2026) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-026-02152-y
- Authors
- Cosentino, S., Scarmeas, N., Albert, S. M., & Stern, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cosentino, Stephanie
- Scarmeas, Nikolaos
- Albert, Steven M.
- Stern, Yaakov
- Venue
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 123-129
- ISSN
- 1543-3633 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2441850
- OpenAlex
- W1965951996
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- American Academy of Neurology
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (AG00261, Z01AG000732, P01AG007232, Z01AG000261, L30 AG026603, T32AG000261)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00645, M01RR000645)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, mortality prediction, verbal fluency, semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, executive function, survival estimates, age at diagnosis, Hispanic origin, prognostic factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Language Disorders, Language Tests, Longitudinal Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Phonetics, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Reference Values, Verbal Behavior, Geriatric Assessment, Proportional Hazards Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
