Dementia time to death: a systematic literature review on survival time and years of life lost in people with dementia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Life expectancy with dementia directly influences rates of prevalence and service needs and is a common question posed by families and patients. As well as years of survival, it is useful to consider years of life lost after a diagnosis of dementia. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the literature on mortality and survival with dementia which were compared to estimated life expectancies in the general population. Both were then compared by age (under 65 years vs. 65+ years), gender, dementia type, severity, and two epochs (prior to and after introduction of cholinesterase inhibitors in 1997). RESULTS: Survival after a diagnosis of dementia varies considerably and depends on numerous factors and their complex interaction. Relative loss of life expectancy decreases with age at diagnosis across varying gender, dementia subtypes (except for frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies), and severity stages. Numerous study deficiencies precluded a meta-analysis of survival in dementia. CONCLUSION: Estimates of years of life lost through dementia may be helpful for patients and their families. Recommendations for future research methods are proposed.
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Younger age, female sex, and lower cerebrospinal fluid total tau are associated with a longer Alzheimer's disease dementia stage, while the effect of APOE genotype is uncertain.
“Younger age, female sex and lower CSF total tau (t-tau) were found to be associated with a longer duration of the AD dementia stage, while the effect of APOE genotype was equivocal [14-17].”
From Duration of preclinical, prodromal, and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease in relation to age, sex, and <i>APOE</i> genotype (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
Earlier studies reported that the Alzheimer's disease dementia stage lasts between 3 and 10 years.
“Previous studies on the length of the AD dementia stage reported a duration of 3 to 10 years [14, 15].”
From Duration of preclinical, prodromal, and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease in relation to age, sex, and <i>APOE</i> genotype (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Brodaty, H., Seeher, K., & Gibson, L.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Prince of Wales Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Brodaty, Henry
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1034-1045
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2109623596
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Keywords
- dementia, survival time, mortality, years of life lost, life expectancy, cholinesterase inhibitors, age at diagnosis, dementia severity, dementia subtypes, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Survival Rate, Survival Analysis
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