Cited by 366Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic SkillsPatient Safety and Medication ErrorsDecision-Making and Behavioral Economics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Checklists to Reduce Diagnostic Errors

Open access

Ely, John W., Graber, Mark L., Croskerry, Pat·2011·Academic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/acm.0b013e31820824cd

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Diagnostic errors are common and can often be traced to physicians' cognitive biases and failed heuristics (mental shortcuts). A great deal is known about how these faulty thinking processes lead to error, but little is known about how to prevent them. Faulty thinking plagues other high-risk, high-reliability professions, such as airline pilots and nuclear plant operators, but these professions have reduced errors by using checklists. Recently, checklists have gained acceptance in medical settings, such as operating rooms and intensive care units. This article extends the checklist concept to diagnosis and describes three types of checklists: (1) a general checklist that prompts physicians to optimize their cognitive approach, (2) a differential diagnosis checklist to help physicians avoid the most common cause of diagnostic error--failure to consider the correct diagnosis as a possibility, and (3) a checklist of common pitfalls and cognitive forcing functions to improve evaluation of selected diseases. These checklists were developed informally and have not been subjected to rigorous evaluation. The purpose of this article is to argue for the further investigation and revision of these initial attempts to apply checklists to the diagnostic process. The basic idea behind checklists is to provide an alternative to reliance on intuition and memory in clinical problem solving. This kind of solution is demanded by the complexity of diagnostic reasoning, which often involves sense-making under conditions of great uncertainty and limited time.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/acm.0b013e31820824cd

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population
Haynes, A. B., Weiser, T. G., Berry, W. R., Lipsitz, S. R., Breizat, A.-H. S., Dellinger, E. P., Herbosa, T., Joseph, S., Kibatala, P. L., Lapitan, M. C. M., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa0810119 · Cited by 5,688
An Intervention to Decrease Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the ICU
Pronovost, P., Needham, D., Berenholtz, S., Sinopoli, D., Chu, H., Cosgrove, S., Sexton, B., Hyzy, R., Welsh, R., Roth, G., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa061115 · Cited by 4,387
The empirical case for two systems of reasoning.
Sloman, S. A. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.1.3 · Cited by 3,942
The Nature of Adverse Events in Hospitalized Patients
Leape, L. L., Brennan, T. A., Laird, N. M., Lawthers, A. G., Localio, A. R., Barnes, B. A., Hebert, L. E., Newhouse, J. P., Weiler, P. C., & Hiatt, H. H. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199102073240605 · Cited by 3,766
Effects of Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems on Practitioner Performance and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Garg, A. X., Adhikari, N. K. J., McDonald, H., Rosas-Arellano, M. P., Devereaux, P. J., Beyene, J., Sam, J., & Haynes, R. B. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.10.1223 · Cited by 2,936
The Quality in Australian Health Care Study
Wilson, R. M., Runciman, W. B., Gibberd, R. W., Harrison, B. T., Newby, L., & Hamilton, J. D. (1995) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124691.x · Cited by 2,480
Conditions for intuitive expertise: A failure to disagree.
Kahneman, D., & Klein, G. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0016755 · Cited by 2,443
User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction
Anderson, N. S., Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (1988) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422802 · Cited by 1,857
The Importance of Cognitive Errors in Diagnosis and Strategies to Minimize Them
Croskerry, P. (2003) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200308000-00003 · Cited by 1,675
Self-citation
Making health care safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices.
Shojania, K. G., Duncan, B. W., McDonald, K. M., Wachter, R. M., & Markowitz, A. J. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1,612

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 65 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Gawande, 10, December, 2007, 86
Campbell, 2003, Can J Diag, 20, 115
Croskerry, 1996, Can J Contin Med Educ, &NA;, 63
McDonald, 1980, JAMA, 244, 1579, 10.1001/jama.244.14.1579 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 366

Venienti occurrite morbo: Knowledge and Prevention of Errors in Radiology
Sangwaiya, M. J., Kalra, M. K., & Roddie, M. E. (2011) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02782.x · Cited by 5
Individualized Patient-Centered Care
Richard, D. C., Felix, T. M. A., Zimmermann, J., Adams, N. E., Knehans, A. C., & Faber, F. (2017) · The Journal of Physician Assistant Education · doi:10.1097/jpa.0000000000000139 · Cited by 5
Investigating the Relationship Between Patient-Centered Communication and Quality of E-Consult in China: A Cross-Sectional Standardized Patient Study
Song, F., Gong, X., & Guo, R. (2024) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2024.2413268 · Cited by 4
Undiagnosed and Rare Diseases in Critical Care
Bordini, B. J. (2022) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2021.12.002 · Cited by 4
Clinical decision making in acute medicine
Trimble, M., & Hennessy, K. (2022) · Acute Medicine Journal · doi:10.52964/amja.0923 · Cited by 4
A checklist that enhances the provision of education during insulin initiation simulation: a randomized controlled trial
Taylor, C. G., Bynoe, K., Worme, A., Hambleton, I. R., Atherley, A., Husbands, A., & Unwin, N. C. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12956 · Cited by 4
Development and Implementation of the ANISA Labeling and Tracking System for Biological Specimens
Connor, N. E., Hossain, T., Rahman, Q. S.-U., Islam, M. S., Islam, M., Hossain, B., McGee, L., Diaz, M. H., Schrag, S. J., Arifeen, S. E., et al. (2016) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001103 · Cited by 4
Computer-assisted Diagnostic Checklist in Clinical Neurology
Finelli, P. F., & McCabe, A. L. (2016) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0000000000000071 · Cited by 4
Time for a Time-out: The Value of a Diagnostic Time-out in Prolonged Fever and Lymphadenopathy
Marsicek, S. M., Odom, B., Woodard, A., & Hopkins, A. M. (2019) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2018-0176 · Cited by 4
Exploring Agreement Between Adolescent Self-Reported PTSD Symptoms and Clinical Diagnoses on a Psychiatric Inpatient Unit
White, C. N., & Ugueto, A. M. (2022) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2022.2127133 · Cited by 4
Patient Safety in the Critical Care Setting: Common Risks and Review of Evidence-Based Mitigation Strategies
Arteaga, G. M., Bacu, L., & Franco, P. M. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108005 · Cited by 6
Tracheal Foreign Body and Pneumonia in a Cat: A Near Missed Diagnosis
Johns, S. M., Sellon, R. K., Spencer, E. S., & Tucker, M. (2014) · Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association · doi:10.5326/jaaha-ms-6008 · Cited by 4
Educação baseada em simulação em medicina de urgência e emergência: a arte imita a vida* Simulation-based education in urgency and emergency medicine: art imitates life
Flato, U. A. P., Flato, P., Guimarães, H. P., de Ensino, C., & Urgência, M. D. (2011) · Cited by 4
Debiasing in a Minute or Less, or Too Good to Be True? The Effect of Micro-Interventions on Decision-Making Quality
Kovic, M. (2019) · Psych · doi:10.3390/psych1010016 · Cited by 5
Development and evaluation of a computerised decision support system for use in pre-hospital care
Hagiwara, M. A. (2014) · Borås Academic Digital Archive (University of Borås) · Cited by 4
Researching and preventing diagnostic errors: chasing patient safety from a different angle: Table 1
Schattner, A. (2015) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcv173 · Cited by 4
Bias in the mirror
Sukhera (2018) · doi:10.26481/dis.20181129js · Cited by 4
Australian Dentists' Knowledge of the Consequences of Interpretive Errors in Dental Radiographs and Potential Mitigation Measures
Hegde, S., Nanayakkara, S., Cox, S. C., Vasa, R., & Gao, J. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Dental Research · doi:10.1002/cre2.70027 · Cited by 3
The SCIEPR checklist: A tool for standardizing chest X-ray interpretation in resource-constrained settings – A pilot study
Sethole, K. M., & Mshunqane, N. (2025) · Radiography · doi:10.1016/j.radi.2025.102912 · Cited by 3
Isolating red flags to enhance diagnosis (I-RED): An experimental vignette study
Chartan, C. A., Singh, H., Krishnamurthy, P., Sur, M., Meyer, A. N. D., Lutfi, R., Stark, J. E., & Thammasitboon, S. (2019) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzz082 · Cited by 3
The Application of Forensic Podiatry to Clinical Practice
Nirenberg, M. S., Saxelby, J., Vernon, R., & Vernon, W. (2020) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/19-010 · Cited by 3
Diagnostic Errors and Their Associated Cognitive Biases
Melvin, J. E., Perry, M. F., & McClead, R. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55829-1_16 · Cited by 3
Factors Associated with Malpractice Claim Payout: An Analysis of Closed Emergency Department Claims
Gupta, K. B., Szymonifka, J., Rivadeneira, N. A., Khoong, E. C., Adler‐Milstein, J., Ross, J. M., & Sarkar, U. (2022) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2022.05.006 · Cited by 3
Diagnostic Errors: Association with level of expertise, effect of time taken to reach the diagnosis and utilization of differential diagnosis checklists among postgraduate trainees
Khan, H., Mahboob, U., & Ahmad, T. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.38.8.5392 · Cited by 3
Not Like the Textbook: An Atypical Case of Ectopic Pregnancy
Birch, E. M., Molina, M. T., & Oliver, J. J. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.29881 · Cited by 3
Severe Drug-Induced Liver Injury From Over-the-Counter Medication
Satoh, K., Okuyama, M., Hirasawa, N., & Nakae, H. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.33558 · Cited by 3
Why, when and how to give safety-netting advice
Silverston, V. P. P. (2023) · InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice · doi:10.1177/17557380231158129 · Cited by 3
Cognitive biases in pediatric cardiac care
Padovani, P., Roy, A., Guerra, A. B., Cadeau, O., Ly, M., Vasile, C. M., Pass, R. H., & Baruteau, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1423680 · Cited by 4
A checklist manifesto: Can a checklist of common diagnoses improve accuracy in ECG interpretation?
Nickerson, J. E., Taub, E. S., & Shah, K. H. (2019) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.03.048 · Cited by 3
“Preflight Checklists” for diagnosis: a personal experience
Ely, J. (2014) · Diagnosis · doi:10.1515/dx-2013-0008 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
APLICAÇÃO DA SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM EM GESTANTES ATENDIDAS NO PRÉ-NATAL
da Silva, J. C. B., Borba, A. D. M., Santos, A. B. D. R., Ferraz, A. C. D., Silva, G. D. A., da Silva, L. C., Calado, R. S. F., Cavalcante, M. S. O., de Melo, J. E. A., & de Carvalho, M. V. G. (2019) · Revista Ciência Plural · doi:10.21680/2446-7286.2019v5n3id18713 · Cited by 3
Improvement Model for the Proposal Accuracy of Security System Design at Industrial Facilities
Jaradeh, M. A., Suliman, S. M. A., & Al-Alawi, Y. (2020) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2020.100186 · Cited by 3
Factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy and management in acute surgical patients
Sajid, M. S., Hollingsworth, T., McGlue, M., & Miles, W. F. A. (2014) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.4240/wjgs.v6.i11.229 · Cited by 3
15. Cognitive Bias Mitigation: Becoming Better Diagnosticians
(2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315116334-21 · Cited by 3
Communication and reasoning on clinical teaching teams : the genres that shape care and education
Goldszmidt, M. A. (2015) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20150902mg · Cited by 3
Forensic Confirmation Bias: Is Consider-the-Opposite an Effective Debiasing Strategy?
Griffith, R. (2019) · Cited by 3
Diagnosing Diagnosis
Wears, R. L. (2014) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.08.009 · Cited by 3
Evaluation and significance of a digital assistant for patient history-taking and physical examination in telemedicine
Verma, N., Buch, B., Pandya, R. S., Taralekar, R., Masand, I., Rangparia, H., Katira, J. M., & Acharya, S. (2024) · Oxford Open Digital Health · doi:10.1093/oodh/oqae008 · Cited by 2
Diagnostic errors in acute cholecystitis: a scoping review
Harada, T., Miyagami, T., Harada, Y., & Shimizu, T. (2025) · Diagnosis · doi:10.1515/dx-2025-0061 · Cited by 2
Inaccurate or delayed diagnosis of hollow organ perforation by emergency physicians: using a qualitative approach to identify the causes
Peng, C.-C., Lin, C., Woo, P., Tai, H. C.-H., & Feng, C. (2016) · Diagnosis · doi:10.1515/dx-2016-0017 · Cited by 2
“The Heart is a House”: A Heuristic for Generating Cardiac Differential Diagnoses
Sengupta, M. P., Crawford, T. N., & Leeds, F. S. (2021) · Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development · doi:10.1177/23821205211035235 · Cited by 2
Exploring Knowledge of Cognitive Disposition to Respond in Clinical Decision-Making among Early Clinical Learners
Vinaykumar, N., Gugapriya, T. S., & KALAISELVI, S. (2023) · MAEDICA – a Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.26574/maedica.2023.18.2.317 · Cited by 2
Cognitive bias in the patient encounter: Part I. Background and significance
Ko, C. J., Gehlhausen, J. R., Cohen, J. M., & Croskerry, P. (2024) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.091 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
A need for greater awareness: a mixed methods study of patient and healthcare professional perspectives on the diagnosis journey for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Machado, T., Lawrence, J., Eriksson, D., & Donohue, J. (2024) · Hematology · doi:10.1080/16078454.2024.2358261 · Cited by 2
General Behavioral Impact of Smart System Warnings: A Case of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems
Yang, C., Agarwal, A., & Konana, P. (2025) · Production and Operations Management · doi:10.1177/10591478251336742 · Cited by 2
A theoretical framework for the adoption of electronic patients' record management system in South Africa
Popela, I., & Dagada, R. (2016) · International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering · doi:10.1109/icacce.2016.8073747 · Cited by 2
SAFER PRACTICES in the COVID-19 pandemic
Silverston, P. P. (2020) · Practice Nursing · doi:10.12968/pnur.2020.31.5.194 · Cited by 2
Utility of a Diagnostic Time-Out to Evaluate an Atypical Pneumonia
Phyo, Z. H., Harris, C. M., Singh, A., & Kotwal, S. (2021) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.10.028 · Cited by 2
The Swedish specialist examination in emergency medicine: form and function
Dryver, E. T., Eriksson, A., Söderberg, P., & Kurland, L. (2015) · European Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1097/mej.0000000000000301 · Cited by 2
Human factors in anesthesia: Risk assessment and clinical decision-making
Fomberstein, K., & Ruskin, K. J. (2014) · Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.tacc.2014.11.002 · Cited by 2
A Before-After Study of Generic Contextual Diagnostic Labelling and Immediate Therapeutic Interventions Concept Maps for Decision Making
Hassan, I. S. A., Somaili, M. A., Khathami, A. A., Ghobain, M. A., & Salih, S. B. (2015) · Education in Medicine Journal · doi:10.5959/eimj.v7i1.318 · Cited by 2
Can emergency physicians improve quality of care by using checklists and going HOME?
Keijzers, G., & Mar, C. D. (2011) · Emergency Medicine Australasia · doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2011.01498.x · Cited by 2
Checklists for Interpreting Chest Radiographs: A Scoping Review
Sethole, K. M., Mshunqane, N., Maluleke, K., Kekana, M., & Mbonambi, L. (2023) · Journal of Radiology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jradnu.2023.07.008 · Cited by 2
SAFER PRACTICES: reducing the risk of diagnostic errors
Silverston, P. P. (2020) · Practice Nursing · doi:10.12968/pnur.2020.31.2.80 · Cited by 2
Something’s Lost and Something’s Gained
Heher, Y. (2020) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.05.007 · Cited by 2
How Frequently Is Asthma Objectively Demonstrated before Starting a Biologic? Quality Assessment of a Group Practice of Allergists and Immunologists
Dziewa, I., Craig, T., & Al‐Shaikhly, T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249482 · Cited by 2
Pediatric brain death*
Fackler, J. C., & Goldstein, B. (2011) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182226fc7 · Cited by 2
Concepts and Prospects
McKenzie, B. A., Haworth, D., Stewart, S., Khanna, C., Englar, R. E., Ackerman, L., Oster, K. A., Boss, N., Harmon, T., Rumple, S., et al. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119540687.ch2 · Cited by 2
The power of written word: Reflection reduces errors of omission
Rao, A., Heidemann, L. A., Hartley, S. E., Morgan, H. K., Gruppen, L. D., Huey, A., Sieloff, K. M., Allen, B. B., & Kempner, S. (2023) · The Clinical Teacher · doi:10.1111/tct.13630 · Cited by 1
Checklists for interpreting chest radiographs: a scoping review protocol
Sethole, K. M., Mshunqane, N., & Kekana, M. (2023) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-023-02327-w · Cited by 1
How Instructional Sequence and Personalized Support Impact Diagnostic Strategy Learning
Güreş, F. B., Nazaretsky, T., Radmehr, B., Rau, M. A., & Käser, T. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-98465-5_53 · Cited by 2
Diagnostic errors in spinal metastases: a systematic review of contributing clinical and systemic factors
Wicker, K., Tran, R. K., & Ablove, R. A. (2025) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-025-09584-4 · Cited by 1
Three Cases of Biliary Disease Presenting With Chest Pain: Diagnostic Pitfalls and the Impact of Cognitive Biases in Noncardiac Chest Pain
Maeda, A., Kawakita, H., Yashima, T., Haraguchi, G., & Uchino, M. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.98993 · Cited by 1
Machine-actionable criteria chart the symptom space of mental disorders
Strasser-Kirchweger, B., Kutil, R. H., Zimmermann, G., Borgelt, C., Trutschnig, W., & Hutzler, F. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02451-6 · Cited by 1
Designing Effective Training Dataset Explanations: The Impact of Information Depth and Progressive Disclosure
Anik, A. I., & Bunt, A. (2026) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3742413.3789087 · Cited by 2
Leveraging artificial intelligence to accelerate competency development in diagnostic reasoning of medical students
Sur, M., Dissaneevate, S., Yuenyongviwat, A., Ruangnapa, K., Liaw, W. R., Boedeker, P., Kumar, S., Rissmiller, B., & Thammasitboon, S. (2026) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2026.2641769 · Cited by 1
A multi‐institutional rapid qualitative assessment of factors supporting diagnostic excellence in hospital medicine
Raffel, K. E., Webber, C. J., Narayanan, M., Tozier, M., Cerasale, M. T., Lee, T., Burden, M. A., Auerbach, A., Schnipper, J. L., & Keniston, A. (2026) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.70401 · Cited by 1
Psychological factors in emergency medicine
Gutenstein, M. (2014) · Emergency Medicine Australasia · doi:10.1111/1742-6723.12210 · Cited by 1
Problem-solving combined with ultrasonography: a strategy for internists to improve case management and reduce diagnostic errors
Tirotta, D., & Durante, V. (2014) · Italian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4081/itjm.2014.410 · Cited by 1
Diagnostic Error - Mini Review and Case Report of Patient Death Resulting from Delayed Diagnosis of Acute Prostatitis
Mrkoci, D. K., & Chretien, K. C. (2013) · The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874303x01306010031 · Cited by 1
Awareness of Heuristics in Clinical Decision Making
Richardson, L. G. (2014) · Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice · doi:10.1891/1939-2095.7.1.16 · Cited by 1
Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care
Fomberstein, K., & Ruskin, K. J. (2015) · Cited by 1
A cognitive forensic framework to study and mitigate human observer bias
Kretz, D. R., & Granderson, C. W. (2016) · IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST) · doi:10.1109/ths.2016.7568915 · Cited by 1
A Tool for Increased Cognitive Ergonomics in Operative Supplier Selection in a Global Context
Nokelainen, T. S., Hellström, M., & Wikström, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49649-8_13 · Cited by 1
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR CALCULATING SECONDARY SIGNS OF DISEASE BY ITS PRIMARY SYMPTOMS
Zharkova, A., & Nahornyi, V. (2019) · Radio Electronics Computer Science Control · doi:10.15588/1607-3274-2019-3-8 · Cited by 1
Mise au point sur les erreurs d’analyse des examens d’imagerie médicale
Hentour, K. E., Akessoul, P., Belaouni, A., Hamard, A., Bérégi, J. P., & Frandon, J. (2020) · Journal d imagerie diagnostique et interventionnelle · doi:10.1016/j.jidi.2019.10.004 · Cited by 1
Sutton’s Law and Sutton’s Slip
Wills, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0143-9_56 · Cited by 1
Validation of Hemostasis Assays, Analyzers, and Reagents
Bennett, S. T. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08924-9_4 · Cited by 1
Transitional Models
Vordermark, J. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23147-7_11 · Cited by 1
Limping Toward Improvement: The Value of Communicating Diagnostic Uncertainty
Gehle, S. C., Zwemer, E. K., & Harrison, W. N. (2022) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2022-006625 · Cited by 1
Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety - Volume 2
Salen, P. N., & Stawicki, S. P. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104171 · Cited by 1
The “Irrational” Within Rational Thinking: Proofs from Medical Sciences and the Arts
Dumitru, D. E., & Florea, G.-P. (2023) · Integrated science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15959-6_8 · Cited by 1
Diagnostic Error
Cohen, A., Thammasitboon, S., Singhal, G., & Epner, P. L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35933-0_15 · Cited by 1
How organisational factors and clinical decision support system affect nurses’ knowledge for decisions in triage
Ippolito, A., Barberà-Mariné, M. G., Zollo, G., & Cannavacciuolo, L. (2024) · Knowledge Management Research & Practice · doi:10.1080/14778238.2024.2377973 · Cited by 1
Minimum required information for Psychiatric History Taking: a scoping textbook review
Neto, H. G. R., Boutros, E. C., Leal, F. M., Telles‐Correia, D., & Cavalcanti, M. T. (2024) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0047-2085-2023-0034 · Cited by 1
Ergonomía y factores humanos en salud pública: una perspectiva para comprender la relación entre los objetos extraños retenidos y el personal de enfermería
de México, U. N. A., Meza-Galindo, M. F., Ensaldo‐Carrasco, E., de Guadalajara, U., Aceves‐González, C., & de Guadalajara, U. (2024) · Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública · doi:10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e355794 · Cited by 1
Clinical intuition: how paramedics make decisions, is experience always best? A case presentation
Roberts, W. (2015) · Journal of Paramedic Practice · doi:10.12968/jpar.2015.7.1.38 · Cited by 1
Walking a Tightrope: Balancing the Risk of Diagnostic Error in Inpatient Pediatrics
Berkwitt, A. K., Osborn, R. R., & Grossman, M. (2016) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2016-0043 · Cited by 1
Demonstrating Diagnostic Error in the Care of Simulated Pediatric Inpatients
Nassetta, L. B., Tofil, N. M., Kim, Y.-I., Eschborn, S., & White, M. L. (2016) · Medical Science Educator · doi:10.1007/s40670-016-0316-x · Cited by 1
Lessons Learned from a Middle-Aged Man with Testicular Pain: Exercises in Clinical Reasoning
Payne, B. D., Brzezinski, W. A., Clark, A. V., Estrada, C. A., & Kraemer, R. R. (2016) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3882-0 · Cited by 1
Errors in Imaging of Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma
Scaglione, M., Laccetti, E., Picascia, R., Altiero, M., Iacobellis, F., Elameer, M., & Grassi, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05548-6_6 · Cited by 1
“The 2-Dimensional Approach”: a novel tool to help learners organize their knowledge and improve their clinical reasoning skills.
Shimozono, H., Takahashi, M., Tomita, M., Takada, K., & Tanaka, Y. (2019) · MedEdPublish · doi:10.15694/mep.2019.000134.1 · Cited by 1
Prozesse
Stehling, H., Büscher, A., Euteneier, A., Gräsner, J., Wölfl, C., Seidling, H. M., Stützle, M., Haefeli, W. E., Gastmeier, P., Jürgensen, J. S., et al. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45150-2_31 · Cited by 1
The Neuropsychiatric Effects of CNS Structural Abnormalities (NECSA) classification: An aid to differential diagnosis
Hassan, I. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415597073 · Cited by 1
Medical dimensions of child abuse and neglect
Oates, K. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.05.004
Understanding Diagnostic Error
Penney, F. T., & Dalal, A. K. (2012) · Hospital Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ehmc.2012.11.003
Images in Anesthesiology: The Preoperative Stop/Go Sign
Connor, C. W., & Gonzalez, M. (2013) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3182887547
Epidural Abscess Overlooked in a Patient Receiving Chronic Opioid Therapy
Esteban, S., Hao, J., Factor, A., & Cruciani, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.04.002
Evaluation of checklists as a diagnostic tool in the Emergency Department: a pilot study
Hammarlund, P., & Areskoug, P. (2012) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
The American Chiropractic Board of Sports Physicians Position Statement on Pre-Participation Examinations: An Expert Consensus
Moreau, W. J., Nabhan, D. C., Roecker, C. B., Kimura, M. N., Klein, A., Guimard, B., Pierce, K. M., Helma, P., Nelson, R., Bahr, K. S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Chiropractic Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2015.08.004

Authors: Ely, J. W., Graber, M. L., & Croskerry, P.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
Corresponding author: Ely, John W.
ORCID: Ely, John W.
Graber, Mark L.
Croskerry, Pat
Venue: Academic Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2011-03
Volume: 86
Issue: 3
Pages: 307-313
ISSN: 1040-2446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e31820824cd
OpenAlex: W2321464116
Cited by: 366
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 21.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Academic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Keywords: diagnostic errors, checklists, cognitive biases, heuristics, differential diagnosis, diagnostic reasoning, clinical decision-making, error prevention, medical education
MeSH terms: Cognition, Decision Making, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Errors, Humans, Memory, Problem Solving, Checklist

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Checklists to Reduce Diagnostic Errors

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks