Analgesic effects of sazetidine-A, a new nicotinic cholinergic drug
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The use of nicotinic agonists for analgesia is limited by their unacceptable side effects. Sazetidine-A is a new partial agonist nicotinic ligand that has very high selectivity for beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It potently and selectively desensitizes alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors without measurable effects on alpha3beta4 receptors. The authors investigated the analgesic effects of Sazetidine-A using the formalin model of chronic inflammatory pain. METHODS: The formalin test was conducted after rats received intraperitoneal saline, Sazetidine-A (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg), or subcutaneous epibatidine (2.5-5-10 mug/kg). In other experiments, Sazetidine-A was preceded by naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) or mecamylamine (10 mg). Effects of Sazetidine-A and epibatidine on locomotor were tested in an open field, and seizure activity was measured using the Racine scale. Locus coeruleus neuron extracellular single-unit spontaneous discharge was recorded in anesthetized animals after Sazetidine-A and epibatidine. RESULTS: Higher doses of Sazetidine-A (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg) induced analgesia, with pain scores significantly lower than those seen after saline, lower doses of Sazetidine-A, and epibatidine (P < 0.001). Naloxone did not antagonize the effects of Sazetidine-A, and mecamylamine had partial, dose-dependent antagonistic effects. Epibatidine excited locus coeruleus neurons, whereas Sazetidine-A had no effect on these neurons. Epibatidine and Sazetidine-A affected animals' locomotor activity for the initial 20 min. While analgesic doses of epibatidine caused seizures, no seizure activity or other neurologic complications were seen in animals that received as much as four times the minimum analgesic dose of Sazetidine-A. CONCLUSIONS: Sazetidine-A seems to be a potent analgesic without causing neurologic side effects.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In vivo, sazetidine-A acts as an effective pain reliever.
“A recent in vivo study using sazetidine-A found it to be an effective analgesic (Cucchiaro et al., 2008).”
From Nicotinic Partial Agonists Varenicline and Sazetidine-A Have Differential Effects on Affective Behavior (2010) · cites this paper as Cucchiaro et al., 2008
Sazetidine-A is a high-affinity, highly selective partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
“Sazetidine-A is a high-affinity, highly selective partial agonist of ␣42 nAChRs (Xiao et al., 2006;Cucchiaro et al., 2008).”
From Nicotinic Partial Agonists Varenicline and Sazetidine-A Have Differential Effects on Affective Behavior (2010) · cites this paper as Cucchiaro et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Dubuisson, D., & Dennis, S. G. (1977) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(77)90130-0 · Cited by 2,534 · see citing works
Flores, C. M., Rogers, S. W., Pabreza, L. A., Wolfe, B. B., & Kellar, K. J. (1992) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)08832-7 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Self-citationModification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation: I. after-discharge threshold
Racine, R. J. (1972) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(72)90176-9 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats
Abbott, F. V., Franklin, K. B. J., & Westbrook, R. F. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-v · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Reduced antinociception in mice lacking neuronal nicotinic receptor subunits
Marubio, L. M., Jiménez, M. D. M. A., Cordero‐Erausquin, M., Léna, C., Novère, N. G. L., d’Exaerde, A. D. K., Huchet, M., Damaj, M. I., & Changeux, J. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19756 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Epibatidine, a potent analgetic and nicotinic agonist.
Badio, B., & Daly, J. W. (1994) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)10139-9 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Zoli, M., Novère, N. G. L., Hill, J. A., & Changeux, J. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-03-01912.1995 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Purification and characterization of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rat brain.
Whiting, P. J., & Lindström, J. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.2.595 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Perry, D. C., Xiao, Y., Nguyen, H. N., Musachio, J. L., Dávila‐García, M. I., & Kellar, K. J. (2002) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00951.x · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationCurtis, A. L., Bethea, T., & Valentino, R. J. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300875 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Nicotine-induced antinociception in rats and mice: correlation with nicotine brain levels.
Tripathi, H. L., Martin, B. R., & Aceto, M. D. G. (1982) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)33022-3 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Clark, F. M., & Proudfit, H. K. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90435-x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Epibatidine is a nicotinic analgesic
Qian, C., Li, T., Shen, T. Y., Libertine-Garahan, L., Eckman, J. B., Biftu, T., & Ip, S. H. (1993) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(93)90043-h · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Actions of acetylcholine and nicotine on rat locus coeruleus neurons in vitro
Egan, T. M., & North, R. A. (1986) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(86)90281-2 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Sullivan, J. P., Decker, M. W., Brioni, J. D., Donnelly‐Roberts, D. L., Anderson, D. J., Bannon, A. W., Kang, C. H., Adams, P., Piattoni-Kaplan, M., & Buckley, M. J. (1994) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)23809-5 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Damaj, M. I., Fei-Yin, M., Dukat, M., Glassco, W., Glennon, R. A., & Martin, B. R. (1998) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)37303-3 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Xiao, Y., Fan, H., Musachio, J. L., Wei, Z.-L., Chellappan, S. K., Kozikowski, A. P., & Kellar, K. J. (2006) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.106.027318 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationIwamoto, E. T. (1991) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24655-9 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Zwart, R., Carbone, A. L., Moroni, M., Bermudez, I., Mogg, A. J., Folly, E. A., Broad, L. M., Williams, A. C., Zhang, D., Ding, C., et al. (2008) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.108.045104 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Bitner, R. S., Nikkel, A. L., Curzon, P., Arnerić, S. P., Bannon, A. W., & Decker, M. W. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-14-05426.1998 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The therapeutic potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for pain control
Decker, M. W., Meyer, M. D., & Sullivan, J. P. (2001) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.10.10.1819 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Improving the efficiency of the formalin test
Abbott, F. V., Ocvirk, R., Najafee, R., & Franklin, K. B. J. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00168-2 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The spinal cord as a major site for the antinociceptive action of nicotine in the rat
Aceto, M. D. G., Bagley, R. S., Dewey, W. L., Fu, T.-C., & Martin, B. R. (1986) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(86)90198-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kwiat, G. C., & Basbaum, A. I. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90198-k · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A New Class of Alkaloids from a Dendrobatid Poison Frog: A Structure for Alkaloid 251F
SPANDE, T. F., Garraffo, H. M., Yeh, H. J. C., Pu, Q.-L., Pannell, L. K., & Daly, J. W. (1992) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np50084a002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Damaj, M. I., Fonck, C., Marks, M. J., Deshpande, P., Labarca, C. G., Lester, H. A., Collins, A. C., & Martin, B. R. (2007) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.112649 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The promise and pitfalls of a nicotinic cholinergic approach to pain management
Flores, C. M. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00389-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Khan, I. M., Yaksh, T. L., & Taylor, P. (1994) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)22350-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Analgesic and toxic effects of ABT-594 resemble epibatidine and nicotine in rats
Boyce, S., Webb, J. K., Shepheard, S. L., Russell, M. G. N., Hill, R., & Rupniak, N. M. J. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00303-6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cucchiaro, G., Chaijale, N., & Commons, K. G. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.104.079368 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationModulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as analgesics.
Jain, K. K. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Cucchiaro, G., & Commons, K. G. (2003) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10218 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationCucchiaro, G., Chaijale, N., & Commons, K. G. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.026 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Perry D, Xiao Y, Nguyen H, Musachio J, Davila-Garcia M, Kellar K: Mea- suring nicotinic receptors with the characteristics of ␣42, ␣32 and ␣34 subtypes in rat tissues by autoradiography. J Neurochem 2002; 82:468-81
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shi, Y., Weingarten, T. N., Mantilla, C. B., Hooten, W. M., & Warner, D. O. (2010) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181ebdaf9 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
α6β2* and α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors As Drug Targets for Parkinson’s Disease
Quik, M., & Wonnacott, S. (2011) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.110.003269 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Prevalence of Neck and Low Back Pain in Community-Dwelling Adults in Spain
Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Hernández‐Barrera, V., Alonso‐Blanco, C., Palacios‐Ceña, D., Carrasco‐Garrido, P., Jiménez-Sánchez, S., & Jiménez‐García, R. (2010) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3181d952c2 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Molecular, Cellular and Circuit Basis of Cholinergic Modulation of Pain
Naser, P. V., & Kuner, R. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.049 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Zwart, R., Carbone, A. L., Moroni, M., Bermudez, I., Mogg, A. J., Folly, E. A., Broad, L. M., Williams, A. C., Zhang, D., Ding, C., et al. (2008) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.108.045104 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Palacios‐Ceña, D., Alonso‐Blanco, C., Hernández‐Barrera, V., Carrasco‐Garrido, P., Jiménez‐García, R., & Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C. (2014) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-014-3567-5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rezvani, A. H., Slade, S., Wells, C., Petro, A., Lumeng, L., Li, T.-K., Xiao, Y., Brown, M. L., Paige, M. A., McDowell, B. E., et al. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1878-8 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationTurner, J. R., Castellano, L. M., & Blendy, J. A. (2010) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.110.166280 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Nicotinic receptor-mediated reduction in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias may occur via desensitization
Bordia, T., Campos, C., McIntosh, J. M., & Quik, M. (2010) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.109.162396 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dorsal root ganglion neurons include the α6β4 subtype
Hone, A. J., Meyer, E. L., McIntyre, M., & McIntosh, J. M. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-195883 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ji, Y., Shen, Z.-L., Zhang, X., Zhang, K., Jia, T., Xu, X., Geng, H., Han, Y., Cui, Y., Yang, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37968-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Opioid pharmaceuticals and addiction: The issues, and research directions seeking solutions
Walwyn, W. M., Miotto, K. A., & Evans, C. J. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Recent Developments in Novel Antidepressants Targeting α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Yu, L.-F., Zhang, H.-K., Caldarone, B. J., Eaton, J. B., Lukas, R. J., & Kozikowski, A. P. (2014) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm401937a · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Acute Activation, Desensitization and Smoldering Activation of Human Acetylcholine Receptors
Campling, B. G., Kuryatov, A., & Lindstrom, J. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079653 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Caldarone, B. J., Wang, D., Paterson, N. E., Manzano, M., Fedolak, A., Cavino, K., Kwan, M., Hanania, T., Chellappan, S. K., Kozikowski, A. P., et al. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2271-y · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Terry, A. V., & Callahan, P. M. (2018) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty166 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Beard, E., Shahab, L., Cummings, D. M., Michie, S., & West, R. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0362-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
AlSharari, S. D., Carroll, F. I., McIntosh, J. M., & Damaj, M. I. (2012) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.112.194506 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nicotinic ligands as multifunctional agents for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders
Terry, A. V., Callahan, P. M., & Hernandez, C. M. (2015) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.027 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2008
Bodnar, R. J. (2009) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.027 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Nirogi, R. V. S., Goura, V., Abraham, R., & Jayarajan, P. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.021 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kozikowski, A. P., Eaton, J. B., Bajjuri, K. M., Chellappan, S. K., Chen, Y., Karadi, S., He, R., Caldarone, B., Manzano, M., Yuen, P., et al. (2009) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.200900079 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Tückmantel, W., Eaton, J. B., Yuen, P., Yu, L.-F., Bajjuri, K. M., Fedolak, A., Wang, D., Ghavami, A., Caldarone, B. J., et al. (2011) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm201157c · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Paterson, N. E., Min, W., Hackett, A., Lowe, D., Hanania, T., Caldarone, B. J., & Ghavami, A. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.037 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications
Shi, Y., Weingarten, T. N., Mantilla, C. B., Hooten, W. M., & Warner, D. O. (2010) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Xiao, Y.-D., Green-Jordan, K., Hammond, P. S., Dyke, K. M. V., Mazurov, A. A., Speake, J. D., Lippiello, P. M., James, J. W., Letchworth, S. R., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2012.09.014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationLaikowski, M. M., Reisdorfer, F., & Moura, S. (2018) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867325666180410105135 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Design, Synthesis and Discovery of Picomolar Selective α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands
Yenugonda, V. M., Xiao, Y., Levin, E. D., Rezvani, A. H., Tran, T. P., Al‐Muhtasib, N., Sahibzada, N., Xie, T., Wells, C., Slade, S. K., et al. (2013) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm4008455 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Y., Richardson, J. R., Tran, T. P., Al‐Muhtasib, N., Xie, T., Yenugonda, V. M., Sexton, H. G., Rezvani, A. H., Levin, E. D., Sahibzada, N., et al. (2013) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm4000374 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationRezvani, A. H., Timofeeva, O., Sexton, H. G., DeCuir, D., Xiao, Y., Gordon, C. J., Kellar, K. J., & Levin, E. D. (2012) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.031 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationLevin, E. D., Rezvani, A. H., Wells, C., Slade, S. K., Yenugonda, V. M., Liu, Y. U., Brown, M. L., Xiao, Y., & Kellar, K. J. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEnantiopure Cyclopropane-Bearing Pyridyldiazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes as Selective ?4?2-nAChR Ligands
Onajole, O. K., Eaton, J. B., Lukas, R. J., Brunner, D., Thiede, L., Caldarone, B. J., & Kozikowski, A. P. (2014) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/ml500129k · Cited by 8 · see citing works
da Motta, K. P., dos Santos, B. F., Domingues, N. L. D. C., Luchese, C., & Wilhelm, E. A. (2021) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109772 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nicotinic Receptors as Targets for Novel Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Damaj, M. I., Freitas, K., Bağdaş, D., & Flood, P. D. (2014) · The Receptors · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1167-7_12 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Adams, J., Jr. (2009) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986709789057626 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Paguigan, N. D., Tun, J. O., Leavitt, L. S., Lin, Z., Chase, K., Dowell, C. D., Deering‐Rice, C. E., Lim, A. L., Karthikeyan, M., Hughen, R. W., et al. (2021) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00345 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Acute Administration of Desformylflustrabromine Relieves Chemically Induced Pain in CD-1 Mice
Weggel, L. A., & Pandya, A. A. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24050944 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sykes, M., Kékesi, O., Wong, Y. T., Zhao, F., Spanswick, D. C., & Imlach, W. L. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108755 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Degradation products of azetidine core G334089 – Isolation, structure elucidation and pathway
Čikoš, A., Dragojević, S., & Kubiček, A. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114232 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ghimire, M., Cai, R., Ling, L. L., Brownell, K. A., Wisner, K. W., Cox, B. C., Hackett, T. A., Brozoski, T. J., & Caspary, D. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1197909 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Batista, V. S., & Nascimento-Júnior, N. M. (2016) · Revista Virtual de Química · doi:10.21577/1984-6835.20160114 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Current and Future Trends in Drug Discovery and Development Related to Nicotinic Receptors
Arnerić, S. P., & Sher, E. (2014) · The Receptors · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1167-7_21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rezvani, A. H., Wells, C., Slade, S. K., Xiao, Y., Kellar, K. J., & Levin, E. D. (2019) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.02.007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSahtout, G. F. (2021) · International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science · doi:10.19070/2377-8075-21000318 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
Hone, J. C. (2014) · J. Willard Marriott Library · doi:10.26053/0h-ag63-v600
Function and pharmacology of neuronal nAChRs
Boyd, R. T. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819958-9.00002-5
Medial prefrontal cortex in chronic pain: Integrating circuit, epigenetics, and molecular insights
Xiang, Z., Wu, Q., Xu, X., & Xu, H. (2026) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.153932
BindingDB (2014) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2jw8gbv
- Authors
- Cucchiaro, G., Xiao, Y., Gonzalez-Sulser, A., & Kellar, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Assistant Professor.
- Associate Professor.
- Research Assistant, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
- Georgetown University (US)
- Venue
- Anesthesiology
- Published
- 2008-09-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 512-519
- ISSN
- 0003-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082362344
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Anesthesiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA012976, DA017980, R01DA017980)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- nicotinic agonists, analgesia, formalin test, chronic inflammatory pain, epibatidine, mecamylamine, naloxone, locus coeruleus neurons, locomotor activity, seizures, nicotinic receptor desensitization
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Animals, Azetidines, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Mecamylamine, Motor Activity, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Pain, Pain Measurement, Pyridines, Receptors, Nicotinic, Sodium Chloride, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cholinergic Agents, Nicotinic Agonists, Nicotinic Antagonists, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
