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Cited by 75Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcareBirth, Development, and Health

Birth Outcomes Among Offspring of Women Exposed to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks

Lipkind, Heather S., Curry, Allison E., Huynh, Mary, Thorpe, Lorna E., Matte, Thomas·2010·Obstetrics & Gynecology
DOI 10.1097/aog.0b013e3181f2f6a2
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center attacks on birth outcomes. METHODS: Live singleton births between September 11, 2001, and October 31, 2002, to women enrolled in a World Trade Center Health Registry (the Registry, n=446) were compared with births to women residing more than 5 miles from the World Trade Center (n=49,616). Birth weight, gestational age, low birth weight, and preterm delivery were evaluated using linear and logistic regression. Births before September 11, 2001, were analyzed to assess possible seasonal biases of associations with pregnancy trimester on September 11. Associations of birth outcomes with September 11-related psychologic stress and physical exposures were assessed among births to women within the Registry (n=499). RESULTS: Birth weight and gestational age distributions were similar for births to women enrolled in the Registry and comparison births. Although mean gestational age and birth weight varied with trimester on September 11, a similar association was found among births in previous years, consistent with a seasonal effect not related to exposure. Registry-linked births to mothers with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (n=61) had a higher odds of low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-6.08) and preterm delivery (adjusted OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.05-5.84) compared with births to women without posttraumatic stress disorder. CONCLUSION: Women who lived, worked, or were near the World Trade Center on or soon after September 11 had pregnancy outcomes similar to women residing more than 5 miles away. However, among exposed women, probable posttraumatic stress disorder was associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

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  • Women exposed to the World Trade Center collapse in 2001 and developed PTSD gave birth to offspring with lower birth weight and cortisol concentrations than offspring not exposed to maternal PTSD.

    “Women who were directly exposed to the World Trade Center collapse in 2001 (either by being present or near the building while pregnant) and developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) gave birth to offspring that had lower birth weight and cortisol concentrations than offspring who were not exposed to maternal PTSD [101,102].”

    From Stress and the HPA Axis: Balancing Homeostasis and Fertility. (2017) · cites this paper as [102]

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Authors
Lipkind, H. S., Curry, A. E., Huynh, M., Thorpe, L. E., & Matte, T.
Affiliations
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
ORCID
Venue
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2010-10
Volume
116
Issue
4
Pages
917-925
ISSN
0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/aog.0b013e3181f2f6a2
OpenAlex
W2050086342
Cited by
75
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI
4.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U50 OH009739)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
World Trade Center, birth outcomes, low birth weight, preterm birth, gestational age, birth weight, post-traumatic stress disorder, maternal stress, environmental exposure, seasonal bias, pregnancy trimesters, World Trade Center Health Registry
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Middle Aged, New York City, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, September 11 Terrorist Attacks, Premature Birth, Young Adult

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