The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for the Upper and Lower Extremity
Open accessAbstract
Myoelectric devices are controlled by electromyographic signals generated by contraction of residual muscles, which thus serve as biological amplifiers of neural control signals. Although nerves severed by amputation continue to carry motor control information intended for the missing limb, loss of muscle effectors due to amputation prevents access to this important control information. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) was developed as a novel strategy to improve control of myoelectric upper limb prostheses. Severed motor nerves are surgically transferred to the motor points of denervated target muscles, which, after reinnervation, contract in response to neural control signals for the missing limb. TMR creates additional control sites, eliminating the need to switch the prosthesis between different control modes. In addition, contraction of target muscles, and operation of the prosthesis, occurs in reponse to attempts to move the missing limb, making control easier and more intuitive. TMR has been performed extensively in individuals with high-level upper limb amputations and has been shown to improve functional prosthesis control. The benefits of TMR are being studied in individuals with transradial amputations and lower limb amputations. TMR is also being investigated in an ongoing clinical trial as a method to prevent or treat painful amputation neuromas.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“During TMR surgery, all native motor innervation of the target muscle must be divided to prevent unwanted EMG signals confounding prosthesis control [38].”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Scheme, E., & Englehart, K. B. (2011) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.09.0177 · Cited by 1,006
Waller, A. V. (1850) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London · doi:10.1098/rstl.1850.0021 · Cited by 889
Influence of aging on peripheral nerve function and regeneration
Verdú, E., Ceballos, D., Vilches, J., & Navarro, X. (2000) · Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System · doi:10.1046/j.1529-8027.2000.00026.x · Cited by 857
Limb Amputation and Limb Deficiency: Epidemiology and Recent Trends in the United States
Dillingham, T. R., Pezzin, L. E., & MacKenzie, E. J. (2002) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-200208000-00018 · Cited by 822
Biddiss, E. A., & Chau, T. T. (2007) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e3181587f6c · Cited by 647
Control of Multifunctional Prosthetic Hands by Processing the Electromyographic Signal
Zecca, M., Micera, S., Carrozza, M. C., & Dario, P. (2002) · Critical Reviews? in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v30.i456.80 · Cited by 606
Design and Control of a Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
Sup, F. C., Bohara, A., & Goldfarb, M. T. (2008) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364907084588 · Cited by 584
Kuiken, T. A., Dumanian, G. A., Lipschutz, R. D., Miller, L. A., & Stubblefield, K. A. (2004) · Prosthetics & Orthotics International · doi:10.3109/03093640409167756 · Cited by 583
Self-citationControl of Multifunctional Prosthetic Hands by Processing the Electromyographic Signal
Zecca, M., Micera, S., Carrozza, M. C., & Dario, P. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v45.i1-6.150 · Cited by 572
Kuiken, T., Miller, L. A., Lipschutz, R. D., Lock, B. A., Stubblefield, K. A., Marasco, P. D., Zhou, P., & Dumanian, G. A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60193-7 · Cited by 485
Self-citationRuijs, A. C. J., Jaquet, J.-B., Kalmijn, S., Giele, H. P., & Hovius, S. E. R. (2005) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000172896.86594.07 · Cited by 455
Chapter 8 Current Techniques and Concepts in Peripheral Nerve Repair
Siemionow, M., & Brzezicki, G. (2009) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(09)87008-6 · Cited by 454
Influence of aging on peripheral nerve function and regeneration
Verdú, E., Ceballos, D., Vilches, J., et al. (2000) · Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8027.2000.00026.x · Cited by 430
Treatment of the Painful Neuroma by Neuroma Resection and Muscle Implantation
Dellon, A. L., & Mackinnon, S. E. (1986) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-198603000-00016 · Cited by 357
Dhillon, G. S., Lawrence, S. M., Hutchinson, D. T., & Horch, K. W. (2004) · The Journal of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.02.006 · Cited by 354
Au, S. K., & Herr, H. (2008) · IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine · doi:10.1109/mra.2008.927697 · Cited by 285
Thompson, W. J., & Jansen, J. K. S. (1977) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(77)90049-5 · Cited by 256
Robotic Leg Control with EMG Decoding in an Amputee with Nerve Transfers
Hargrove, L. J., Simon, A. M., Young, A. J., Lipschutz, R. D., Finucane, S. B., Smith, D. G., & Kuiken, T. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1300126 · Cited by 253
Self-citationManagement and results of sciatic nerve injuries: a 24-year experience
Kline, D. G., Kim, D. H., Midha, R., Harsh, C., & Tiel, R. L. (1998) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1998.89.1.0013 · Cited by 239
LOCAL RE‐INNERVATION IN PARTIALLY DENERVATED MUSCLE: A HISTO‐PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY
Hoffman, H. H. (1950) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.1950.39 · Cited by 237
Surface and wire EMG crosstalk in neighbouring muscles
Solomonow, M., Baratta, R. V., Bernardi, M., Zhou, B., Lu, Y., Zhu, M., & Acierno, S. P. (1994) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/1050-6411(94)90014-0 · Cited by 215
Decoding a New Neural–Machine Interface for Control of Artificial Limbs
Zhou, P., Lowery, M. M., Englehart, K. B., Huang, H., Li, G., Hargrove, L., Dewald, J. P. A., & Kuiken, T. A. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00178.2007 · Cited by 215
Self-citationPeripheral Nerve Injuries: An International Survey of Current Treatments and Future Perspectives
Scholz, T., Krichevsky, A., Sumarto, A., Jaffurs, D., Wirth, G. A., Paydar, K. Z., & Evans, G. R. D. (2009) · Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1215529 · Cited by 205
The effect of subcutaneous fat on myoelectric signal amplitude and cross-talk
Kuiken, T., Lowery, M. M., & Stoykov, N. S. (2003) · Prosthetics and Orthotics International · doi:10.3109/03093640309167976 · Cited by 197
Self-citationIntuitive Control of a Powered Prosthetic Leg During Ambulation
Hargrove, L. J., Young, A. J., Simon, A. M., Fey, N. P., Lipschutz, R. D., Finucane, S. B., Halsne, E. G., Ingraham, K. A., & Kuiken, T. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.4527 · Cited by 152
Self-citationA multiple-layer finite-element model of the surface EMG signal
Lowery, M. M., Stoykov, N. S., Taflove, A., & Kuiken, T. (2002) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.995683 · Cited by 151
Self-citationTUPPER, J. W., & Booth, D. M. (1976) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(76)80008-1 · Cited by 136
ELSBERG, C. A. (1917) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.45.1161.318 · Cited by 135
Targeted Reinnervation to Improve Prosthesis Control in Transhumeral Amputees
O’Shaughnessy, K. D., Dumanian, G. A., Lipschutz, R. D., Miller, L. A., Stubblefield, K. A., & Kuiken, T. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.g.00268 · Cited by 122
Self-citationDAVIS, L. A., Gordon, T., Hoffer, J. A., Jhamandas, J. H., & Stein, R. B. (1978) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012588 · Cited by 103
Treatment and Prevention of Amputation Neuromas in Hand Surgery
Gorkisch, K., Boese-Landgraf, J., & Vaubel, E. (1984) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-198402000-00027 · Cited by 98
The Effects of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation on Neuromas in a Rabbit Rectus Abdominis Flap Model
Kim, P. S.-H., Ko, J. H., O'Shaughnessy, K. K., Kuiken, T., Pohlmeyer, E. A., & Dumanian, G. A. (2012) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.04.044 · Cited by 88
Self-citationThe hyper-reinnervation of rat skeletal muscle
Kuiken, T., Childress, D. S., & Rymer, W. Z. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00102-v · Cited by 87
Self-citationThe effects of skinfold thickness on the selectivity of surface EMG
la Barrera, E. J. D., & Milner, T. E. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/0168-5597(94)90071-x · Cited by 77
An Experimental Comparison of the Different Kinds of Muscle Reinnervation
Frey, M., Gruber, H., HOLLE, J., & Freilinger, G. (1982) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-198204000-00015 · Cited by 76
Non-weight-bearing neural control of a powered transfemoral prosthesis
Hargrove, L. J., Simon, A. M., Lipschutz, R. D., Finucane, S. B., & Kuiken, T. (2013) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-10-62 · Cited by 73
Self-citationTargeted Reinnervation in the Transfemoral Amputee
Agnew, S. P., Schultz, A. E., Dumanian, G. A., & Kuiken, T. (2011) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3182268d0d · Cited by 73
Self-citationJia, X., Koenig, M. A., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Chen, T., & Chen, Z. (2007) · The Journal of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.02.021 · Cited by 70
Real-Time Myoelectric Control of Knee and Ankle Motions for Transfemoral Amputees
Hargrove, L. J., Simon, A. M., Lipschutz, R. D., Finucane, S. B., & Kuiken, T. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.465 · Cited by 67
Self-citationLong‐term effects of axotomy on neural activity during cat locomotion.
Gordon, T., Hoffer, J. A., Jhamandas, J., & Stein, R. B. (1980) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013283 · Cited by 65 · cited 1×
“In 1917, Elsberg(9) demonstrated that severed nerves can be transferred to, and successfully reinnervate new muscles, and that subsequently, these reinnervated muscles respond to neural signals from the transferred nerve.(8,10,11) This observation led to the concept of TMR: nerves severed because of arm amputation cou…”
Occupational therapy protocol for amputees with targeted muscle reinnervation
Stubblefield, K. A., Miller, L. A., Lipschutz, R. D., & Kuiken, T. (2009) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2008.10.0138 · Cited by 61
Self-citationTreatment of neuromas about a major amputation stump
Wood, V. E., & Mudge, M. K. (1987) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(87)80297-6 · Cited by 52
Kinesiological studies of self- and cross-reinnervated FDL and soleus muscles in freely moving cats
O'Donovan, M. J., Pinter, M. J., Dum, R. P., & Burke, R. E. (1985) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.852 · Cited by 42
Relocation of Painful End Neuromas and Scarred Nerves from the Zone II Territory of the Hand
Atherton, D. D., Leong, J. C. S., Anand, P., & Elliot, D. (2006) · Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) · doi:10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.10.013 · Cited by 39
Consideration of nerve-muscle grafts to improve the control of artificial arms
Kuiken, T. (2003) · Technology and Disability · doi:10.3233/tad-2003-15206 · Cited by 39
Self-citationGordon, T., Stein, R. B., & Thomas, C. K. (1986) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016089 · Cited by 39
Innervation of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
Beheiry, E. E. (2011) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0b013e318212f3d9 · Cited by 28
Bueno, R. A., French, B. M., Cooney, D. S., & Neumeister, M. W. (2011) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.02.020 · Cited by 27
Complexity in Neurobiology: Perspectives from the study of noise in human motor systems
Balasubramaniam, R., & Torre, K. (2012) · Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2013006841 · Cited by 9
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Surface EMG in Clinical Assessment and Neurorehabilitation: Barriers Limiting Its Use
Campanini, I., Dißelhorst-Klug, C., Rymer, W. Z., & Merletti, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00934 · Cited by 302
Fleming, A., Stafford, N. E., Huang, S., Hu, X., Ferris, D. P., & Huang, H. (2021) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac1176 · Cited by 236
Marasco, P. D., Hebert, J. S., Sensinger, J. W., Beckler, D. T., Thumser, Z. C., Shehata, A. W., Williams, H. E., & Wilson, K. R. (2021) · Science Robotics · doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abf3368 · Cited by 142
Nizamis, K., Athanasiou, A., Almpani, S., Dimitrousis, C., & Astaras, A. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21062084 · Cited by 124
Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review
Yildiz, K. A., Shin, A. Y., & Kaufman, K. R. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-00667-5 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- Kuiken, T. A., Barlow, A. K., Hargrove, L. J., & Dumanian, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (US)
- Departments of Surgery
- Corresponding author
- Kuiken, Todd A.
- Barlow, Ann K.
- Hargrove, Levi J.
- Venue
- Techniques in Orthopaedics
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-116
- ISSN
- 0885-9698 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5448419
- OpenAlex
- W2616534643
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Techniques in Orthopaedics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD079428, R01HD081525, N01 HD053402)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
- Keywords
- targeted muscle reinnervation, myoelectric prosthesis, upper limb amputation, lower limb amputation, transradial amputation, amputation neuroma, electromyography, prosthetic control, denervated muscle, amputee rehabilitation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
