Cited by 3Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesHistorical and Modern Theater Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Managing Adult Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Comorbid Substance Use Disorder

Ward, Burton, Bahji, Anees, Crockford, David·2022·Canadian Journal of Addiction

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has its onset before 12 years but often persists into adulthood. Adult ADHD is overrepresented in persons with substance use disorders (SUD). Yet, diagnosis is challenging due to proneness to overdiagnosis, where substance use and other etiologies of attentional symptoms are misattributed to ADHD, and underdiagnosis, where symptoms are attributed to substance use alone. Untreated adult ADHD in persons with SUD can lead to worse overall treatment outcomes. Therefore correct diagnosis and the appropriate treatment are essential. Methods: A clinically focused narrative review was conducted to highlight means to identify, diagnose and manage adult ADHD in persons with comorbid SUD. Results: Screening for adult ADHD should start with interview questions and the use of 2 standardized screening instruments. If screening is suggestive, a thorough diagnostic review is required to ensure adult ADHD is diagnosed correctly, addressing aspects of substance intoxication/withdrawal and potential psychiatric comorbidity. Treatment primarily involves pharmacotherapy, but there is significant controversy in persons with comorbid adult ADHD and SUD regarding whether to prescribe nonstimulants versus long-acting stimulants, even though the best evidence supports the long-acting stimulants. Conclusions: Adult ADHD often goes undetected in persons with SUD, necessitating standardized screening in all adults with SUD. After an affirmative diagnostic review, treatment should be initiated with either a long-acting stimulant or a nonstimulant depending on patient characteristics. Follow-up should use screening instruments to measure symptom improvement beyond subjective reports and clinically monitor for any potential substance cravings or relapse. Objectifs: Le trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDAH) apparaît avant l'âge de 12 ans mais persiste souvent à l'âge adulte. Le TDAH chez l’adulte est surreprésenté chez les personnes atteintes de troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances (TUS). Pourtant, le diagnostic est difficile à établir en raison de la tendance au surdiagnostic, lorsque l’utilisation de substances psychoactives et d’autres étiologies de symptômes attentionnels sont attribuées à tort au TDAH, et au sous-diagnostic, lorsque les symptômes sont attribués à la seule consommation de substances. Le TDAH non traité chez les adultes atteints de TUS peut entraîner une détérioration des résultats globaux du traitement. Par conséquent, un diagnostic juste et un traitement approprié sont essentiels. Méthodes: Un examen narratif centré sur la pratique clinique a été réalisé pour mettre en évidence les moyens d’identifier, diagnostiquer et prendre en charge les adultes souffrant de TDAH avec TUS comorbide. Résultats: Le dépistage du TDAH chez l’adulte doit commencer par des questions d’entrevue et l’utilisation de 2 instruments de dépistage normalisés. Si le dépistage est suggestif, un examen diagnostique approfondi est nécessaire pour s’assurer que le TDAH pour adultes est correctement diagnostiqué, en abordant les aspects d’intoxication/sevrage de substances et la comorbidité psychiatrique potentielle. Le traitement repose principalement sur la pharmacothérapie, mais il existe une controverse importante chez les personnes adultes souffrant d’un TDAH comorbide et d’un TUS quant à la prescription de nonstimulants ou de stimulants à longue durée d’action, même si les meilleures preuves soutiennent les stimulants à longue durée d’action. Conclusions: Le TDAH chez l’adulte n’est souvent pas détecté chez les personnes ayant un TUS et un dépistage standardisé est nécessaire chez tous les adultes atteints de TUS. Après un examen diagnostique positif, le traitement doit être initié à l’aide d’un stimulant à action prolongée ou d’un non-stimulant, selon les caractéristiques du patient. Le suivi doit utiliser des instruments de dépistage pour mesurer l’amélioration des symptômes au-delà des rapports subjectifs et surveiller cliniquement tout besoin potentiel de consommer des substances ou de rechute.

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Metadata

Authors
Ward, B., Bahji, A., & Crockford, D.
Affiliations
  • Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
  • University of Calgary (CA)
Venue
Canadian Journal of Addiction
Published
2022-12
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
6-12
ISSN
  • 2368-4720 (ISSN-L)
  • 2368-4739
OpenAlex
W4385820699
Cited by
3
References
22
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
FWCI
0.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
The Canadian Journal of Addiction (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
Keywords
adult ADHD, substance use disorders, comorbidities, ADHD screening, ADHD diagnosis, overdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, long-acting stimulants, non-stimulant medication, pharmacotherapy, psychiatric comorbidity, relapse monitoring, drug craving, treatment outcomes, interview questions, follow-up monitoring

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