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Particulate Air Pollution Exposure and C-reactive Protein During Early Pregnancy
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BACKGROUND: It is not well understood how air pollution leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes. One pathway may be through C-reactive protein, a biomarker of systemic inflammation that has been reported to increase the risk of preterm delivery. We examined whether air pollution influences serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in early pregnancy. METHODS: We studied 1696 pregnant women in Allegheny County, PA, from 1997 through 2001. C-reactive protein concentrations were assayed in blood collected before the 22nd week of gestation. We estimated levels of particles of less than 10 μm (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm diameter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone at the maternal zip code using Kriging interpolation for measurements obtained from ambient stations. Associations between air pollution and high C-reactive protein concentrations (≥ 8 ng/mL) were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among nonsmokers, an observed 9.2 μg/m increase in PM10 (averaged over 28 days prior to the blood sample) was associated with an odds ratios of 1.41 for high C-reactive protein concentrations (95% confidence interval = 0.99-2.00). Similarly, a 4.6 μg/m increase in PM2.5 was associated with an odds ratio of 1.47 (1.05-2.06). The odds ratio was 1.49 (0.75-2.96) per 7.9 ppb increase in ozone during summer. There were no associations in smokers or for other air pollutants, and there was no evidence for effect-measure modification by obesity. CONCLUSIONS: PM10, PM2.5, and ozone exposures were associated with increased C-reactive protein concentrations in early pregnancy, suggesting that these air pollutants contribute to inflammation and thereby possibly to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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“Investigators observed PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in early pregnancy [165].”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [165]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, P.-C., Talbott, E. O., Roberts, J. M., Catov, J. M., Sharma, R. K., & Ritz, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Pei-Chen
- Venue
- Epidemiology
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 524-531
- ISSN
- 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4325994
- OpenAlex
- W1994603238
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD030367)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- particulate matter, PM10, PM2.5, C-reactive protein, early pregnancy, maternal air pollution exposure, systemic inflammation, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, preterm birth, adverse pregnancy outcomes, smoking, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, C-Reactive Protein, Carbon Monoxide, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, Pennsylvania, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Sulfur Dioxide, Logistic Models, Maternal Exposure, Particulate Matter
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