The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conditioning on Intermediates in Perinatal Epidemiology
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Because there is a common biological pathway that influences preterm birth and birthweight that influences long‐term neonatal survival, we decided to include the combined outcome called SVNs in our analysis.”
From Effects of maternal education on maternal and perinatal outcomes: An individual participant data meta‐analysis of 2 356 402 pregnancies (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A structural approach to selection bias
Hernán, M. A., Hernández-Díaz, S., & Robins, J. M. (2004) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43 · Cited by 2,844 · cited 1×
“4) 66,241 (29) 514,951 (15) 50,280 (13) 467,211 (18)”
Process Analysis: Estimating Mediation in Treatment Evaluations
Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x8100500502 · Cited by 2,442
Odds Ratios for Mediation Analysis for a Dichotomous Outcome
VanderWeele, T. J., & Vansteelandt, S. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq332 · Cited by 809
Self-citationIllustrating bias due to conditioning on a collider
Cole, S. R., Platt, R. W., Schisterman, E. F., Chu, H., Westreich, D., Richardson, D., & Poole, C. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp334 · Cited by 796
Self-citationMarginal Structural Models for the Estimation of Direct and Indirect Effects
VanderWeele, T. J. (2009) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31818f69ce · Cited by 583
Self-citationBias Formulas for Sensitivity Analysis for Direct and Indirect Effects
VanderWeele, T. J. (2010) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181df191c · Cited by 435 · cited 3×
“4) 12424 (5) 191,538 (5) 9798 (3) 125,060 (5)”
BackgroundSelf-citationPlacental abruption and perinatal mortality in the United States
Ananth, C. V., & Wilcox, A. J. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.4.332 · Cited by 311
Ananth, C. V., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr045 · Cited by 123
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- Robins, 1992, Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects., Epidemiology, 3, 143, 10.1097/00001648-199203000-00013 · DOI · Paper page
- Cole, 2002, Fallibility in estimating direct effects., Int J Epidemiol, 31, 163, 10.1093/ije/31.1.163 · DOI · Paper page
- Kiely, 1991, Some conceptual problems in multivariable analyses of perinatal mortality., Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 5, 243, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1991.tb00707.x · DOI
- Kiely, 1993, Birth-weight-adjusted infant mortality in evaluations of perinatal care: towards a useful summary measure., Stat Med, 12, 377, 10.1002/sim.4780120319 · DOI
- Kramer, 2009, Biology vs. methodology in investigating causal pathways for infant mortality., Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 23, 414, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01050.x · DOI
- Schisterman, 2009, Z-scores and the birthweight paradox., Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 23, 403, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01054.x · DOI
- Whitcomb, 2009, Quantification of collider-stratification bias and the birthweight paradox., Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 23, 394, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01053.x · DOI
- Yerushalmy, 1971, The relationship of parents cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancyimplications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations., Am J Epidemiol, 93, 443, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121278 · DOI
- Wilcox, 1993, Birthweight and perinatal mortality: the effect of maternal smoking., Am J Epidemiol, 137, 1098, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116613 · DOI
- Platt, 2004, A proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates and time-varying effects for analysis of fetal and infant death., Am J Epidemiol, 160, 199, 10.1093/aje/kwh201 · DOI
- VanderWeele, 2007, Directed acyclic graphs, sufficient causes and the properties of conditioning on a common effect., Am J Epidemiol, 166, 1096, 10.1093/aje/kwm179 · DOI
- Basso, 2009, Intersecting birth weight-specific mortality curves: solving the riddle., Am J Epidemiol, 169, 787, 10.1093/aje/kwp024 · DOI
- Rubin, 1990, Formal modes of statistical inference for causal effects., J Stat Plan Inference, 25, 279, 10.1016/0378-3758(90)90077-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Hernan, 2004, A definition of causal effect for epidemiological studies., J Epidemiol Community Health, 58, 265, 10.1136/jech.2002.006361 · DOI
- Petrini, 2002, Contribution of birth defects to infant mortality in the United States., Teratology, 66, S3, 10.1002/tera.90002 · DOI
- 2008, Atlanta, George, 1978-2005., Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 57, 1
- Mili, 1991, Prevalence of birth defects among low-birth-weight infants: a population study., Am J Dis Child, 145, 1313, 10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160110105032 · DOI
- Frangakis, 2002, Principal stratification in causal inference., Biometrics, 58, 21, 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2002.00021.x · DOI
- Rubin, 2004, Direct and indirect effects via potential outcomes., Scand J Stat, 31, 161, 10.1111/j.1467-9469.2004.02-123.x · DOI · Paper page
- Sjolander, 2009, Sensitivity analysis for principal stratum direct effects, with an application to a study of physical activity and coronary heart disease., Biometrics, 65, 514, 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01108.x · DOI
- Chiba, 2010, Bias analysis for the principal stratum direct effect in the presence of confounded intermediate variables., J Biom Biostat, 1, 101, 10.4172/2155-6180.1000101 · DOI
- Joffe, 2007, Defining and estimating intervention effects for groups that will develop an auxiliary outcome., Stat Sci, 22, 74, 10.1214/088342306000000655 · DOI
- Gallop, 2009, Mediation analysis with principal stratification., Stat Med, 28, 1108, 10.1002/sim.3533 · DOI
- Peterson, 2006, Estimation of direct causal effects., Epidemiology, 17, 276, 10.1097/01.ede.0000208475.99429.2d · DOI · Paper page
- VanderWeele, 2009, Conceptual issues concerning mediation, interventions and composition., Stat Interface, 2, 457, 10.4310/SII.2009.v2.n4.a7 · DOI
- Mann, 2011, Uncovering the complex relationship between pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and cerebral palsy., Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 25, 100, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01157.x · DOI
- Belizan, 1997, Long term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on the blood pressure of offspring: follow up of a randomised controlled trial., Brit Med J, 315, 281, 10.1136/bmj.315.7103.281 · DOI
Cited by
Association Between Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Severe Maternal Morbidity
Lisonkova, S., Muraca, G. M., Potts, J., Liauw, J., Chan, W.-S., Skoll, A., & Lim, K. I. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16191 · Cited by 210
Albers, L., Sobotzki, C., Kuß, O., Ajslev, T., Batista, R. F., Bettiol, H., Brabin, B., Buka, S. L., Cardoso, V. C., Clifton, V. L., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0050-0 · Cited by 57
“These models would give the direct effect of smoking on overweight/obesity (beyond the effects working through SGA, LGA, or preterm delivery), whereas the main analysis gives the best estimate from the data of the overall causal effect of maternal smoking, namely the effect of a hypothetical intervention reducing mate…”
BackgroundLarsen, S., Haavaldsen, C., Bjelland, E. K., Dypvik, J., Jukic, A. M., & Eskild, A. (2018) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyy110 · Cited by 48
Inoue, K., Goto, A., Sugiyama, T., Ramlau-Hansen, C. H., & Liew, Z. (2020) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics8040125 · Cited by 35
Bello‐Álvarez, L., Fernández‐Félix, B. M., Allotey, J., Thangaratinam, S., & Zamora, J. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.70401 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- VanderWeele, T. J., Mumford, S. L., & Schisterman, E. F.
- Venue
- Epidemiology
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 1044-3983
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 8
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.