Menopause is associated with increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Data are inconsistent on whether menopause is a risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE: Using systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to collect all available data to determine the association between menopause and NAFLD. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Potentially eligible studies were identified from EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2021 using a search strategy that was composed of the terms for "NAFLD" and "menopause." Eligible study must contain two groups of participants: one group of postmenopausal women and another group of premenopausal women. Then, the study must report the association between menopause and prevalent NAFLD. We extracted such data from each study and calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) by combining effect estimates of each study using a random-effects model. Funnel plot was used to assess for the presence of publication bias. FINDINGS: A total of 587 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by two investigators, 12 cross-sectional studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis of 12 studies revealed the significant association between menopause and NAFLD with a pooled OR of 2.37 (95% CI, 1.99-2.82; I2 = 73%). The association remained significant in a sensitivity meta-analysis of six studies that reported the association with adjustment for age and metabolic factors with a pooled OR of 2.19 (95% CI, 1.73-2.78; I2 = 74%). The funnel plot was fairly symmetric and was not suggestive of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The meta-analysis reveals that menopausal status was associated with approximately 2.4 times higher odds of NAFLD.
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Menopausal status is associated with approximately 2.4-fold higher odds of MASLD.
“Menopausal status is associated with approximately 2.4-fold higher odds of MASLD.”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Jaroenlapnopparat, A., Charoenngam, N., Ponvilawan, B., Mariano, M., Thongpiya, J., & Yingchoncharoen, P.
- Affiliations
- Mount Auburn Hospital (US)
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jaroenlapnopparat, Aunchalee
- ORCID
- Venue
- Menopause
- Published
- 2023-01-04
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 348-354
- ISSN
- 1072-3714 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4318920765
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 10
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- menopause, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, postmenopausal women, premenopausal women, menopausal status, NAFLD prevalence, metabolic risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Menopause, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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