Changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue phenotype following menopause is associated with increased visceral fat mass
Open accessAbstract
Menopause is associated with a redistribution of adipose tissue towards central adiposity, known to cause insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study of 33 women between 45 and 60 years, we assessed adipose tissue inflammation and morphology in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) across menopause and related this to menopausal differences in adipose tissue distribution and insulin resistance. We collected paired SAT and VAT biopsies from all women and combined this with anthropometric measurements and estimated whole-body insulin sensitivity. We found that menopause was associated with changes in adipose tissue phenotype related to metabolic dysfunction. In SAT, postmenopausal women showed adipocyte hypertrophy, increased inflammation, hypoxia and fibrosis. The postmenopausal changes in SAT was associated with increased visceral fat accumulation. In VAT, menopause was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy, immune cell infiltration and fibrosis. The postmenopausal changes in VAT phenotype was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Based on these findings we suggest, that menopause is associated with changes in adipose tissue phenotype related to metabolic dysfunction in both SAT and VAT. Whereas increased SAT inflammation in the context of menopause is associated with VAT accumulation, VAT morphology is related to insulin resistance.
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Hormone dysfunction is another explanation for the ageing-induced increase in adipogenesis and the accelerated loss of bone and muscle mass after menopause in women and andropause in men.
“Hormone dysfunction is another explanation for the ageing‐induced increase in adipogenesis and the accelerated loss of bone and muscle mass after menopause in women and andropause in men.[ 17 ]”
From Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Abildgaard, J., Ploug, T., Al-Saoudi, E., Wagner, T., Thomsen, C., Ewertsen, C., Bzorek, M., Pedersen, B. K., Pedersen, A. T., & Lindegaard, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Zealand University Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Abildgaard, Julie
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2021-07-20
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14750-14750
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8292317
- OpenAlex
- W3184145417
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 8.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Augustinus Fonden (17-2354)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- menopause, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, adipose tissue inflammation, adipocyte hypertrophy, adipose tissue fibrosis, adipose tissue hypoxia, immune cell infiltration, insulin resistance, visceral fat accumulation, adipose tissue redistribution, abdominal obesity, postmenopausal women
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Menopause, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Metabolic Syndrome, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Body Fat Distribution, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal
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