The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Exercise on Pregnancy Outcome
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the scientific literature for the effects of exercise on pregnancy outcome. Evidenced-based studies were reviewed. Maternal outcomes analyzed in this review were gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and weight gain, fetal outcomes evaluated were birth weight, time of delivery, and mode of delivery. Despite methodological pitfalls in the studies published, the evidence suggests a benefit of exercise in pregnancy. Exercise in pregnancy could prevent and limit adverse maternal and fetal morbidities and provide a long-term benefit through reduction of maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and improvement in cardiovascular fitness. Pregnancy emerges as a unique time for behavior modification.
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In the citing paper
“The protective effect seems to be particularly strong for vigorous or intense exercise, particularly for women reporting physical activity both before and during pregnancy.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
In the citing paper
“They conclude that the balance of evidence is that exercise is protective against GDM.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
In the citing paper
“Studied in their review mentioned no deleterious exercise effects.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
In the citing paper
“Multiple methodological pitfalls exist in the studies published (196), so conclusions made about benefits of physical activity on female reproductive health remain for further testing.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, the consensus is that exercise can serve as primary prevention during pregnancy (196, 339).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
In the citing paper
“Physical activity seems to be helpful in preventing preeclampsia from the limited numbers of studies on the topic.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
In the citing paper
“Gavard and Artal (196) concluded that the balance of evidence still supports that exercise is the primary prevention against preeclampsia, with the effects being particularly strong for vigorous or intense exercise.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
In the citing paper
“No deleterious effects of exercise on preeclampsia were found, but Gavard and Artal caution that purposes of the investigations cited by them may not have been to report deleterious effects (196).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
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Citations
Cites
Gestational weight gain and child adiposity at age 3 years
Oken, E., Taveras, E. M., KLEINMAN, K. P., Rich-Edwards, J. W., & Gillman, M. W. (2007) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.11.027 · Cited by 759
Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later
Rooney, B. L. (2002) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02125-7 · Cited by 712
Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in Obese Women: How Much Is Enough?
Kiel, D. W., Dodson, E. A., Artal, R., Boehmer, T. K., & Leet, T. L. (2007) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000278819.17190.87 · Cited by 498 · cited 1×
“A review of Missouri birth certificate data for women who delivered full-term, live born, singleton births from 1990 to 2001 was performed to examine the relationship between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes for women in each of the 3 obesity classes.(17) Four outcomes were examined: preeclampsia, cesare…”
MethodSelf-citationLong‐Term Weight Development in Women: A 15‐Year Follow‐up of the Effects of Pregnancy
Linne, Y. M., Dye, L., Barkeling, B., & Rössner, S. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.146 · Cited by 370
Recreational Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Risk of Preeclampsia
Sorensen, T. K., Williams, M. A., Lee, I.-M. M., Dashow, E. E., Thompson, M. L., & Luthy, D. A. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000072270.82815.91 · Cited by 333
Zhang, C., Solomon, C. G., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.5.543 · Cited by 306
Dempsey, J. C. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh091 · Cited by 292
Associations of Physical Activity and Inactivity Before and During Pregnancy With Glucose Tolerance
Oken, E., Ning, Y., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Radesky, J. S., Rich-Edwards, J. W., & Gillman, M. W. (2006) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000241088.60745.70 · Cited by 243
Dempsey, J. C., Butler, C. L., Sorensen, T. K., Lee, I.-M., Thompson, M. L., Miller, R. S., Frederick, I. O., & Williams, M. A. (2004) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.03.010 · Cited by 236 · cited 3×
“The influence of recreational physical activity on GDM risk was examined in a case-control study of 155GDM cases and 386 normotensive nondiabetic pregnant controls.(5) Physical activity was assessed during the year before pregnancy and the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.”
BackgroundArtal, R., Catanzaro, R. B., Gavard, J. A., Mostello, D., & Friganza, J. C. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-024 · Cited by 217
Self-citationWork, Leisure-Time Physical Activity, and Risk of Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension
Saftlas, A. F. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh277 · Cited by 204
Physical Activity, Obesity, and Diabetes in Pregnancy
Dye, T., Knox, K. L., Artal, R., Aubry, R. H., & Wojtowycz, M. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009223 · Cited by 198
Self-citationEffects of aerobic and strength conditioning on pregnancy outcomes
Hall, D. C., & Kaufmann, D. (1987) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80294-6 · Cited by 196
Exercise in Gestational Diabetes: An Optional Therapeutic Approach?
Bung, P., Artal, R., Khodiguian, N., & Kjos, S. L. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.2.s182 · Cited by 167
Self-citationACOG Committee Opinion No. 267: Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
(2002) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200201000-00030 · Cited by 142
The Effect of Regular Leisure Physical Activity on Birth Outcomes
Leiferman, J. A., & Evenson, K. R. (2003) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1022545718786 · Cited by 105
Perceived Exertion during Prepregnancy Physical Activity and Preeclampsia Risk
Rudra, C. B., Williams, M. A., Lee, I.-M. M., MILLER, R. S., & Sorensen, T. K. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000175862.41620.41 · Cited by 80
Effect of Exercise on Birthweight
Leet, T. L., & Flick, L. H. (2003) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00003081-200306000-00021 · Cited by 78
Exercise during pregnancy: what do we really know?
Snyder, S., & Pendergraph, B. M. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 20
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Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines
Rasmussen, K. M., & Yaktine, A. L. (2009) · Cited by 4,052
Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c110025 · Cited by 2,575
Physical Activity and Pregnancy: Cardiovascular Adaptations, Recommendations and Pregnancy Outcomes
Melzer, K., Schutz, Y., Boulvain, M., & Kayser, B. (2010) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11532290-000000000-00000 · Cited by 314
Preconception care: nutritional risks and interventions
Dean, S. V., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-11-s3-s3 · Cited by 279
Artal, R., Catanzaro, R. B., Gavard, J. A., Mostello, D., & Friganza, J. C. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-024 · Cited by 217
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- GAVARD, J. A., & ARTAL, R.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- ORCID
- GAVARD, JEFFREY A.
- Venue
- Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 467-480
- ISSN
- 0009-9201 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984862642
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 15.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Keywords
- exercise during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, gestational weight gain, birth weight, mode of delivery, delivery time, cardiorespiratory fitness, behavior modification
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Weight Gain, Exercise, Diabetes, Gestational, Evidence-Based Medicine
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