Effect of Exercise on Pregnancy Outcome
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the scientific literature for the effects of exercise on pregnancy outcome. Evidenced-based studies were reviewed. Maternal outcomes analyzed in this review were gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and weight gain, fetal outcomes evaluated were birth weight, time of delivery, and mode of delivery. Despite methodological pitfalls in the studies published, the evidence suggests a benefit of exercise in pregnancy. Exercise in pregnancy could prevent and limit adverse maternal and fetal morbidities and provide a long-term benefit through reduction of maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and improvement in cardiovascular fitness. Pregnancy emerges as a unique time for behavior modification.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The protective effect against GDM seems particularly strong for vigorous or intense exercise, especially for women reporting physical activity both before and during pregnancy.
“The protective effect seems to be particularly strong for vigorous or intense exercise, particularly for women reporting physical activity both before and during pregnancy.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
The balance of evidence is that exercise is protective against gestational diabetes mellitus.
“They conclude that the balance of evidence is that exercise is protective against GDM.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
Studies reviewed by Gavard and Artal mentioned no deleterious exercise effects.
“Studied in their review mentioned no deleterious exercise effects.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
Multiple methodological pitfalls exist in published studies, so conclusions about benefits of physical activity on female reproductive health remain for further testing.
“Multiple methodological pitfalls exist in the studies published (196), so conclusions made about benefits of physical activity on female reproductive health remain for further testing.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
The consensus is that exercise can serve as primary prevention during pregnancy.
“Nonetheless, the consensus is that exercise can serve as primary prevention during pregnancy (196, 339).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
Physical activity seems helpful in preventing preeclampsia from the limited numbers of studies on the topic.
“Physical activity seems to be helpful in preventing preeclampsia from the limited numbers of studies on the topic.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
The balance of evidence supports that exercise is the primary prevention against preeclampsia, with effects particularly strong for vigorous or intense exercise.
“Gavard and Artal (196) concluded that the balance of evidence still supports that exercise is the primary prevention against preeclampsia, with the effects being particularly strong for vigorous or intense exercise.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
No deleterious effects of exercise on preeclampsia were found, but Gavard and Artal caution that the cited investigations may not have been designed to report deleterious effects.
“No deleterious effects of exercise on preeclampsia were found, but Gavard and Artal caution that purposes of the investigations cited by them may not have been to report deleterious effects (196).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [196]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Gestational weight gain and child adiposity at age 3 years
Oken, E., Taveras, E. M., KLEINMAN, K. P., Rich-Edwards, J. W., & Gillman, M. W. (2007) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.11.027 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later
Rooney, B. L. (2002) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02125-7 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in Obese Women: How Much Is Enough?
Kiel, D. W., Dodson, E. A., Artal, R., Boehmer, T. K., & Leet, T. L. (2007) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000278819.17190.87 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationLong‐Term Weight Development in Women: A 15‐Year Follow‐up of the Effects of Pregnancy
Linne, Y. M., Dye, L., Barkeling, B., & Rössner, S. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.146 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Recreational Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Risk of Preeclampsia
Sorensen, T. K., Williams, M. A., Lee, I.-M. M., Dashow, E. E., Thompson, M. L., & Luthy, D. A. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000072270.82815.91 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Solomon, C. G., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.5.543 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Dempsey, J. C. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh091 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Associations of Physical Activity and Inactivity Before and During Pregnancy With Glucose Tolerance
Oken, E., Ning, Y., Rifas-Shiman, S., Radesky, J., Rich-Edwards, J., & Gillman, M. (2006) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000241088.60745.70 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Dempsey, J. C., Butler, C. L., Sorensen, T. K., Lee, I.-M., Thompson, M. L., Miller, R. S., Frederick, I. O., & Williams, M. A. (2004) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.03.010 · Cited by 236 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The influence of recreational physical activity on GDM risk was examined in a case-control study of 155GDM cases and 386 normotensive nondiabetic pregnant controls.(5) Physical activity was assessed during the year before pregnancy and the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.”
BackgroundArtal, R., Catanzaro, R. B., Gavard, J. A., Mostello, D., & Friganza, J. C. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-024 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationWork, Leisure-Time Physical Activity, and Risk of Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension
Saftlas, A. F. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh277 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Obesity, and Diabetes in Pregnancy
Dye, T., Knox, K. L., Artal, R., Aubry, R. H., & Wojtowycz, M. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009223 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of aerobic and strength conditioning on pregnancy outcomes
Hall, D. C., & Kaufmann, D. (1987) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80294-6 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Exercise in Gestational Diabetes: An Optional Therapeutic Approach?
Bung, P., Artal, R., Khodiguian, N., & Kjos, S. L. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.2.s182 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationACOG Committee Opinion No. 267: Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
(2002) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200201000-00030 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The Effect of Regular Leisure Physical Activity on Birth Outcomes
Leiferman, J. A., & Evenson, K. R. (2003) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1022545718786 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Perceived Exertion during Prepregnancy Physical Activity and Preeclampsia Risk
Rudra, C. B., Williams, M. A., Lee, I.-M. M., MILLER, R. S., & Sorensen, T. K. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000175862.41620.41 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Effect of Exercise on Birthweight
Leet, T. L., & Flick, L. H. (2003) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00003081-200306000-00021 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Exercise during pregnancy: what do we really know?
Snyder, S., & Pendergraph, B. M. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines
Rasmussen, K. M., & Yaktine, A. L. (2009) · Cited by 4,052 · see citing works
Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c110025 · Cited by 2,575 · see citing works
Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00425.x · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Pregnancy: Cardiovascular Adaptations, Recommendations and Pregnancy Outcomes
Melzer, K., Schutz, Y., Boulvain, M., & Kayser, B. (2010) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11532290-000000000-00000 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Preconception care: nutritional risks and interventions
Dean, S. V., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-11-s3-s3 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Artal, R., Catanzaro, R. B., Gavard, J. A., Mostello, D., & Friganza, J. C. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-024 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical activity and gestational weight gain: a meta-analysis of intervention trials
Streuling, I., Beyerlein, A., Rosenfeld, E., Hofmann, H., Schulz, T., & von Kries, R. (2010) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02801.x · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Risk assessment and management to prevent preterm birth
Koullali, B., Oudijk, M. A., Nijman, T. A. J., Mol, B. W., & Pajkrt, E. (2016) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2016.01.005 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Hypertension in Pregnancy and Women of Childbearing Age
Yoder, S. R., Thornburg, L. L., & Bisognano, J. D. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.036 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Choi, J. W., Fukuoka, Y., & Lee, J. (2013) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.021 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Vega-García, C. C., Reyes‐Castro, L. A., Bautista, C. J., Larrea, F., Nathanielsz, P. W., & Zambrano, E. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.150 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Gilmartin, A. B. H., Ural, S., & Repke, J. T. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.2.5 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Can We Modify the Intrauterine Environment to Halt the Intergenerational Cycle of Obesity?
Adamo, K. B., Ferraro, Z. M., & Brett, K. (2012) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph9041263 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Beyerlein, A., Schießl, B., Lack, N., & von Kries, R. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28026 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Oostdam, N., van Poppel, M. N. M., Eekhoff, E. M. W., Wouters, M. G. A. J., & van Mechelen, W. (2009) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-9-1 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The Potential Impact of Physical Activity During Pregnancy on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Ferraro, Z. M., Gaudet, L., & Adamo, K. B. (2012) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0b013e318242030e · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Chandonnet, N., Saey, D., Alméras, N., & Marc, I. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038818 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Thompson, E. L., Vamos, C. A., & Daley, E. M. (2015) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2015.08.001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Born Too Soon: Care before and between pregnancy to prevent preterm births: from evidence to action
Dean, S. V., Mason, E. M., Howson, C. P., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2013) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-10-s1-s3 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Márquez, D. X., Bustamante, E. E., Bock, B. C., Markenson, G. R., Tovar, A., & Chasan‐Taber, L. (2009) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630240903427114 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Why do pregnant women stop exercising in the third trimester?
Haakstad, L. A. H., Voldner, N., Henriksen, T., & Bø, K. (2009) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016340903284901 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Early Life Exposures and Adult Cancer Risk
Clarke, M. A., & Joshu, C. E. (2017) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxx004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Exercise in pregnancies complicated by obesity: achieving benefits and overcoming barriers
Seneviratne, S. N., McCowan, L. M. E., Cutfield, W. S., Derraik, J. G. B., & Hofman, P. L. (2014) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.009 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Prepregnancy maternal body mass index and preterm delivery
Khatibi, A., Brantsæter, A. L., Sengpiel, V., Kacerovský, M., Magnus, P. M., Morken, N., Myhre, R., Gunnes, N., & Jacobsson, B. (2012) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.002 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Obesity in pregnancy: a major healthcare issue
Tsoi, E., Shaikh, H., Robinson, S., & Teoh, T. G. (2010) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2010.098186 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Does regular exercise during pregnancy influence lumbopelvic pain? A randomized controlled trial
Stafne, S. N., Salvesen, K. Å., Romundstad, P., Stuge, B., & Mørkved, S. (2012) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01382.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The effect of maternal exercise during pregnancy on abnormal fetal growth
Tomić, V., Sporiš, G., Tomić, J., Milanović, Z., Zigmundovac-Klaić, D., & Pantelić, S. (2013) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2013.54.362 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Rao, M., Zeng, Z., & Tang, L. (2018) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-018-0328-z · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Interventions to prevent adverse fetal programming due to maternal obesity during pregnancy
Nathanielsz, P. W., Ford, S. P., Long, N., Vega-García, C. C., Reyes‐Castro, L. A., & Zambrano, E. (2013) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/nure.12062 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Newton, E. R., & May, L. E. (2017) · Clinical Medicine Insights Women s Health · doi:10.1177/1179562x17693224 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Exercise during Pregnancy and Risk of Late Preterm Birth, Cesarean Delivery, and Hospitalizations
Tinloy, J., Chuang, C. H., Zhu, J., Pauli, J. M., Kraschnewski, J. L., & Kjerulff, K. H. (2014) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2013.11.003 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Thomson, R. L., Buckley, J. D., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00758.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Water exercises and quality of life during pregnancy
Vallim, A. L. B. D. A., Osis, M. J. D., Cecatti, J. G., Baciuk, É. P., Silveira, C., & Cavalcante, S. R. (2011) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-8-14 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Adherence to walking or stretching, and risk of preeclampsia in sedentary pregnant women
Yeo, S. (2009) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20328 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Fetal programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes
Seneviratne, S. N., & Rajindrajith, S. (2022) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.482 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nielsen, E. N., Andersen, P. K., Hegaard, H. K., & Juhl, M. (2017) · Journal of Pregnancy · doi:10.1155/2017/6209605 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Brantsæter, A. L., Owe, K. M., Haugen, M. A., Alexander, J., Meltzer, H. M., & Longnecker, M. P. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00896.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Management of maternal obesity prior to and during pregnancy
Shaikh, H. S., Robinson, S., & Teoh, T. G. (2009) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2009.10.003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lindqvist, M., Lindkvist, M., Eurenius, E., Persson, M., Ivarsson, A., & Mogren, I. (2016) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2016.03.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Gustafsson, M., Stafne, S. N., Romundstad, P. R., Mørkved, S., Salvesen, K., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13570 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Physical Activity during Pregnancy: Recommendations and Assessment Tools
Imakawa, C. S. D. O., Imakawa, T. D. S., & Moisés, E. C. D. (2017) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604180 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Injuries During Pregnancy
Vladutiu, C. J., Evenson, K. R., & Marshall, S. W. (2010) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.7.6.761 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kansu-Celik, H., Ozgu-Erdinc, A. S., Kısa, B., Fındık, R. B., Yılmaz, C., & Taşçı, Y. (2019) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000126 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes mellitus: Multi-disciplinary treatment approaches
Kintiraki, E., & Goulis, D. G. (2018) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.025 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Potential Mechanisms of Exercise in Gestational Diabetes
Golbidi, S., & Laher, I. (2013) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2013/285948 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Occupational Hazards to the Pregnant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Keene, R. R., Hillard-Sembell, D., Robinson, B. S., Novicoff, W. M., & Saleh, K. J. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.k.00061 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Does exercise during pregnancy impact organs or structures of the maternal-fetal interface?
Bhattacharjee, J., Mohammad, S., & Adamo, K. B. (2021) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2021.101543 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Aittasalo, M., Raitanen, J. A., Kinnunen, T. I., Ojala, K., Kolu, P., & Luoto, R. M. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-104 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Garnæs, K. K., Mørkved, S., Salvesen, K. Å., Salvesen, Ø. O., & Moholdt, T. T. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1653-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Embaby, H., Elsayed, E. E., & Fawzy, M. (2016) · Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ejhs.v26i5.2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bustamante, C., Henríquez, R., Medina, F., Reinoso, C., Vargas-Foitzick, R., & Pascual, R. (2013) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.02.007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cardiac Physiology of Pregnancy
May, L. E. (2015) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140043 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Objectively recorded physical activity in early pregnancy: A multiethnic population‐based study
Berntsen, S., Richardsen, K. R., Mørkrid, K., Sletner, L., Birkeland, K. I., & Jenum, A. K. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12034 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lindqvist, M., Mogren, I., Eurenius, E., Edvardsson, K., & Persson, M. (2014) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-343 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Obesity in pregnancy problems and potential solutions
McKnight, J. R. (2010) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite · doi:10.2741/e259 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Seneviratne, S. N., Parry, G. K., McCowan, L. M. E., Ekeroma, A. J., Jiang, Y., Gusso, S., Peres, G., Rodrigues, R. O., Craigie, S., Cutfield, W. S., et al. (2014) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-148 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jiang, X., Liu, M., Song, Y., Mao, J., Zhou, M., Ma, Z., Qian, X., Han, Z., & Duan, T. (2017) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1405388 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Physical exercise for a healthy pregnancy: the role of placentokines and exerkines
Pahlavani, H. A., Laher, I., Weiss, K., Knechtle, B., & Zouhal, H. (2023) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1186/s12576-023-00885-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Posicionamento sobre Exercícios Físicos na Gestação e no Pós-Parto – 2021
Campos, M. D. S. B., Buglia, S., Colombo, C. S. S. D. S., Büchler, R. D. D., de Brito, A. S. X., Mizzaci, C. C., Feitosa, R. H. F., Leite, D. B., Hossri, C. A. C., de Albuquerque, L. C. A., et al. (2021) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20210408 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of physical exercise on blood pressure during pregnancy
Zhu, Z., Xie, H., Liu, S., Yang, R., Yu, J., Yan, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., & Yan, W. S. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14074-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Pregnancy and the Birth Weight Distribution: Where Is the Effect?
Mudd, L. M., Pivarnik, J., Holzman, C., Paneth, N., Pfeiffer, K. A., & Chung, H. (2012) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.9.8.1168 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Changes in Air Force Fitness Measurements Pre- and Post-Childbirth
Armitage, N. H., & Smart, D. A. (2012) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-12-00248 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Romero, M., Echeverri, I., Ortega, J. G., Mosquera, M., Salazar, B., Giron, S., Saldarriaga, W., de Plata, A. C. A., & Mateus, J. C. (2011) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-60 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lindqvist, M., Persson, M., & Mogren, I. (2017) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2017.12.003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Khoram, S., Loripoor, M., Pirhadi, M., & Beigi, M. (2019) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_378_18 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Nutritional Pattern Related to Maturation and Development
Bustamante-Sánchez, Á., Villegas-Mora, B. E., Martínez‐Guardado, I., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Ardigò, L. P., Nobarı, H., & Clemente‐Suárez, V. J. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142416958 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Renzaho, A. M. N., Skouteris, H., & Oldroyd, J. C. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cordero, Y., Peláez, M., de Miguel, M., Perales, M., & Barakat, R. (2011) · RICYDE Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.5232/ricyde2012.02701 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Cupul‐Uicab, L. A., Rogan, W. J., Eggesbø, M. Å., Travlos, G. S., Wilson, R., & Longnecker, M. P. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2013-0390 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Wang, M. L., Arroyo, J., Druker, S. K., Sankey, H. Z., & Rosal, M. C. (2015) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2015.1050542 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Prescripción del ejercicio físico durante el embarazo
Mata, F. J., Chulvi, I., Roig, J. S., Heredia, J. R., Isidro, F., Sillero, J. D. D. B., & del Castillo, M. G. (2010) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Dubé, C., Aguer, C., Adamo, K. B., & Bainbridge, S. A. (2017) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0446 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zhao, S. K., Yeung, E. H., Ouidir, M., Hinkle, S. N., Grantz, K. L., Mitro, S. D., Wu, J., Stevens, D. R., Chatterjee, S., Ayele, F. T., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac111 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
To, W. W. K., & Wong, M. W. N. (2012) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2315-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rhoads-Baeza, M. E., & Reis, J. (2010) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896910386287 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Jones, H. A., Eddy, L. D., Rabinovitch, A. E., Snipes, D. J., Wilson, S. A., Parks, A. M., Karjane, N. W., & Svikis, D. S. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22538 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lassi, Z. S., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2013) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/17474108.2013.841453 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Exercise and pregnancy: duration of labor stages and Perinea tear rates
Ghodsi, Z., Asltoghiri, M., & Hajiloomohajerani, M. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.082 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
From apelin to exercise: emerging therapies for management of hypertension in pregnancy
Gilbert, J. S. (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2017.40 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hutter, S. (2013) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-012-3101-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tinius, R. A., López, J. D., Cade, W. T., Stein, R. I., Haire-Joshu, D. L., & Cahill, A. G. (2019) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2019.1616044 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Age at Menarche of the Daughter
Colbert, L. H., Graubard, B. I., Michels, K. B., Willett, W. C., & Forman, M. R. (2008) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0194 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hançerlioğulları, N., Kansu-Celik, H., Oskovi-Kaplan, Z. A., Kısa, B., Üstün, Y. E., & Ozgu-Erdinc, A. S. (2020) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2020.1750003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Moodley, J. (2011) · Cardiovascular journal of South Africa/Cardiovascular journal of Southern Africa · doi:10.5830/cvja-2010-074 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Barakat-Carballo, R., Cordero-Rodríguez, Y., Rodríguez‐Romo, G., Stirling, J. R., & Zakynthinaki, M. S. (2010) · RICYDE Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.5232/ricyde2010.02003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Preconception planning to reduce the risk of perinatal depression and anxiety disorders
Avni-Barron, O., Hoagland, K., Ford, C., & Miller, L. J. (2010) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/eog.10.27 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Forsum, E., Janerot-Sjöberg, B., & Löf, M. (2018) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0281-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Health in Women
Bassuk, S. S., & Manson, J. E. (2014) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827613510870 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Imakawa, C. S. D. O., Imakawa, T. D. S., Duarte, G. G., Quintana, S. M., & Moisés, E. C. D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220947 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Babili, M. G., Amerikanou, C., Papada, E., Christopoulos, G., Tzavara, C. K., & Kaliora, A. C. (2019) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckz223 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Choi, K. W., Kim, H. H., Basu, A., Kwong, A. S. F., Hernández–Dı́az, S., Wyszynski, D. F., & Koenen, K. C. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100288 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Community Level Predictors of Physical Activity Among Women in the Preconception Period
Vamos, C. A., Sun, H., Flory, S. B., DeBate, R. D., Daley, E. M., Thompson, E. L., Bleck, J. R., & Merrell, L. K. (2015) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1668-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The role of physical activity during pregnancy in determining maternal and foetal outcomes
Pearson, J. T. (2015) · South African Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.17159/2078-516x/2015/v27i4a440 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Indicaciones y contraindicaciones del ejercicio físico en la mujer embarazada
González-Collado, F., Ruiz-Giménez, A., & Salinas-Salinas, G. J. (2012) · Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia · doi:10.1016/j.gine.2011.11.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Health in Women A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence
Bassuk, S. S., & Manson, J. E. (2014) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bovbjerg, M. L., Siega‐Riz, A. M., Evenson, K. R., & Goodnight, W. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0498 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Why do pregnant women stop exercising in the third trimester?
Shephard, R. J. (2010) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0162-0908(09)79594-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Patterns, facilitators and barriers to physical activity among Nigerian pregnant women
Mbada, C. E., Ojo, D. A., Akinwande, O. A., Orji, O. E., Adeyemi, A. B., Mbada, K. A., & Afolabi, E. K. (2022) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.42.321.31109 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Perales, M., Luaces, M., Moro, M. I. B., Montejo, R., & Barakat, R. (2012) · Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecología · doi:10.1016/j.pog.2012.01.006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The effects of regular exercise on pregnancy outcome.
Forouhari, S., Yazdanpanahi, Z., Parsanezhad, M. E., & Raigan-Shirazi, M. (2009) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- GAVARD, J. A., & ARTAL, R.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- ORCID
- GAVARD, JEFFREY A.
- Venue
- Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 467-480
- ISSN
- 0009-9201 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984862642
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 15.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Keywords
- exercise during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, gestational weight gain, birth weight, mode of delivery, delivery time, cardiorespiratory fitness, behavior modification
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Weight Gain, Exercise, Diabetes, Gestational, Evidence-Based Medicine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
