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AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Open accessAbstract
Singal, Amit G.; Llovet, Josep M.; Yarchoan, Mark; Mehta, Neil; Heimbach, Julie K.; Dawson, Laura A.; Jou, Janice H.; Kulik, Laura M.; Agopian, Vatche G.; Marrero, Jorge A.; Mendiratta-Lala, Mishal; Brown, Daniel B.; Rilling, William S.; Goyal, Lipika; Wei, Alice C.; Taddei, Tamar H. Author Information
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“Surgical resection is recognized worldwide as the preferred treatment for patients with early stage HCC, whereas liver transplantation is indicated in those with early stage disease who are not deemed suitable for resection7,22.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“In general, European and US guidelines recommend more-restrictive criteria for resection than Asian guidelines7,22–27.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“In particular, regimens including immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently adopted as first-line therapies in clinical guidelines7.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Currently, clinical decisions are based on clinical factors including, but not limited to, performance status, tumour burden, liver function and comorbidities7.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Now the positive results of IMbrave 050 (ref. 12) have led to a revised management algorithm for patients with early stage HCC by incorporating adjuvant therapies in this disease setting7 (Fig. 4).”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“[309] mRECIST criteria has been proposed to adapt RECIST criteria to particularities of HCC, enabling capture of antitumoral response without observed shrinkage after local and systemic therapies.”
Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Llovet, J. M., Ricci, S., Mazzaferro, V., Hilgard, P., Gane, E., Blanc, J.-F., de Oliveira, A. C., Santoro, A., Raoul, J.-L., Forner, A., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0708857 · Cited by 13,097
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Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Finn, R. S., Qin, S., Ikeda, M., Galle, P. R., Ducreux, M., Kim, T.-Y., Kudo, M., Breder, V., Merle, P., Kaseb, A. O., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1915745 · Cited by 7,470 · cited 2×
“…PD-L1, plus bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF, as the preferred first-line treatment option for patients with advanced HCC. [312] The median OS of 19.2 months with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is the longest median OS of any first-line treatment for advanced-stage HCC to…”
InfluentialMazzaferro, V., Regalia, E., Doci, R., Andreola, S. A., Pulvirenti, A., Bozzetti, F., Montalto, F., Ammatuna, M., Morabito, A., & Gennari, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199603143341104 · Cited by 7,173 · cited 1×
“[206] 211] The main barrier to LT is a shortage of available liver allografts compared with demand, prompting an allocation system that directs access to deceased donor organs for patients both with and without HCC.”
Llovet, J. M., Kelley, R. K., Villanueva, A., Singal, A. G., Pikarsky, E., Roayaie, S., Lencioni, R., Koike, K., Zucman-Rossi, J., & Finn, R. S. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 · Cited by 7,055
Self-citationCancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview
Ferlay, J., Colombet, M., Soerjomataram, I., Parkin, D. M., Piñeros, M., Znaor, A., & Bray, F. (2021) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33588 · Cited by 6,308
A New Era of Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Regorafenib and Lenvatinib
Kudo, M. (2017) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000462153 · Cited by 5,974
Cheng, A.-L., Kang, Y.-K., Chen, Z., Tsao, C.-J., Qin, S., Kim, J. S., Luo, R., Feng, J., Ye, S., Yang, T.-S., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70285-7 · Cited by 5,832 · cited 1×
“[320] In 2018, lenvatinib (an oral mTKI targeting vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]2 and other kinases) met its primary endpoint of noninferiority versus sorafenib in a global phase III randomized study, REFLECT.”
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Marrero, 2021, GALAD score improves early detection of HCC prior to the diagnosis of HCC: A phase 3 biomarker validation study. Abstract #138, Hepatology, 74, 92A
- Dawson, 2022, ORAL SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS LBA 01: NRG/RTOG 1112: Randomized Phase III Study of Sorafenib vs. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Followed by Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (NCT01730937). Int J Radiation Oncol, Biol, Physics, 114, P1057
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Locoregional Therapies for Hepatobiliary Tumors: Contemporary Strategies and Novel Applications
Jipa, A. M., & Makary, M. S. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16071271 · Cited by 17
Tada, T., Kumada, T., Hiraoka, A., Hirooka, M., Kariyama, K., Tani, J., Atsukawa, M., Takaguchi, K., Itobayashi, E., Fukunishi, S., et al. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.18037 · Cited by 17
“In clinical practice, Atezo/Bev is frequently selected as the primary systemic therapy for unresectable HCC, particularly in situations where there is minimal risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, 9 such as in patients with gastroesophageal varices.”
BackgroundSingal, A. G., Narasimman, M., Daher, D., Yekkaluri, S., Liu, Y., Lee, M., Cerda, V., Khan, A., Dahan, K. S. E., Kramer, J. R., et al. (2024) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332508 · Cited by 17
“5 27 Those with benign findings or lesions smaller than 1 cm were considered to be at average risk of HCC and assigned 7-month follow-up.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHatanaka, T., Kakizaki, S., Hiraoka, A., Tada, T., Hirooka, M., Kariyama, K., Tani, J., Atsukawa, M., Takaguchi, K., Itobayashi, E., et al. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.18237 · Cited by 17
“Based on these two positive results, these regimens have become the standard of care for systemic therapy in patients with advanced HCC 3,4 and are widely adopted in clinical practice.”
Carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of focal liver lesions
Dılek, O. N., Kahraman, D. İ. A., & Kahraman, G. (2024) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.4240/wjgs.v16.i4.999 · Cited by 17
“Patients treated with locoregional therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization are recommended to undergo their initial imaging with contrast-enhanced CT or MRI 4-6 wk after treatment, followed by repeat imaging every 3 months[71].”
Imaging features and management of focal liver lesions
Kahraman, G., Haberal, K. M., & Dılek, O. N. (2024) · World Journal of Radiology · doi:10.4329/wjr.v16.i6.139 · Cited by 16
Blood biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical review
Zhao, J.-S., Hu, Z.-K., Zheng, X.-P., Lin, Y.-J., Liu, X., Zhang, J.-J., Peng, J., & Gao, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1489836 · Cited by 14
Molecular Testing and Targeted Therapies in Hepatobiliary Cancers
Tsilimigras, D. I., Kurzrock, R., & Pawlik, T. M. (2025) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.0242 · Cited by 16
Paolucci, I., Silva, J. A. M., Lin, Y., Shieh, A., Ierardi, A. M., Caraffiello, G., Gazzera, C., Jones, A. K., Fonio, P., Bale, R. J., et al. (2025) · Radiology Imaging Cancer · doi:10.1148/rycan.240293 · Cited by 16
Sheng, L., Chen, Y., Wei, H., Che, F., Wu, Y., Qin, Q., Yang, C., Wang, Y., Peng, J., Bashir, M. R., et al. (2025) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.70115 · Cited by 17
“…be diagnosed noninvasively without the requirement for histopathologic confirmation, imaging diagnosis of HCC represents one of the most important indications for contrast-enhanced CT/MRI, for which LLMs may serve as promising assistive diagnostic tools for radiologists in routine practices [19].”
Lombardi, P., Kim, J. S., Manfredi, G. F., Celsa, C., Fulgenzi, C. A. M., D’Alessio, A., Stefanini, B., Doshi, N., Warmington, E., Marron, T. U., et al. (2025) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101595 · Cited by 16
“…criteria included all patients who were 18 years of age or older, had radiographic or histologic diagnosis of HCC according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria, 23 and had unresectable or advanced HCC based on BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) criteria.”
Tremelimumab: A Review in Advanced or Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
France, N. L., & Blair, H. A. (2024) · Targeted Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11523-023-01026-9 · Cited by 16
Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Wu, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., & Xia, L. (2024) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003144 · Cited by 16
“[106] Pan et al [112] found that METTL3 upregulated the mRNA expression of SCAP in an m6A-dependent manner, facilitating cholesterol synthesis to attenuate CD8 T cell function.”
BackgroundInfluentialDownstaging with atezolizumab-bevacizumab: a case series
Kulkarni, A. V., Kumaraswamy, P. E., Menon, B., Sekaran, A., Rambhatla, A., Iyengar, S., Alla, M., Venishetty, S., Ramachandra, S., Premkumar, G. V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Liver Cancer · doi:10.17998/jlc.2024.05.12 · Cited by 17
Self-citationJiang, H., Zuo, M., Li, W., Zhuo, S., Wu, P., & An, C. (2024) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000001752 · Cited by 16
“…of the prognostic nomograms were compared with major clinical staging systems including the BCLC [34] , American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) [28] , China Liver Cancer (CNLC) [4] , Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) [35] , and Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) systems [36] using Z test [37] .”
MethodMezzacappa, C., Kim, N. J., Vutien, P., Kaplan, D. E., Ioannou, G. N., & Taddei, T. H. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20963 · Cited by 16
Self-citationThe Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Major Vascular Invasion
Tadokoro, T., Tani, J., Morishita, A., Fujita, K., Masaki, T., & Kobara, H. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16142534 · Cited by 16
“Patients with PVTT or a large intrahepatic tumor burden are less likely to achieve an objective response and are at a higher risk for hepatic deterioration after TACE; therefore, these patients are considered unsuitable for TACE [2].”
BackgroundAlcohol and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Ha, N. B., & Yao, F. Y. (2024) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2024.06.007 · Cited by 16
Challenges in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Current Controversies
Mauro, E., Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli, M., Jutras, G., Garcia, R., Soler, A., Llarch, N., Arce, V. H., Ruíz, P., Rimola, J., López, E., et al. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16173059 · Cited by 18
“LI-RADS was fully integrated with the AASLD HCC clinical practice guidelines in 2018 [63] and the most recent 2023 version [21].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZhang, Y., Zhang, C., Wu, N., Feng, Y., Wang, J., Ma, L., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1473030 · Cited by 18
“Recent studies have pointed to EVs, especially exosomes, as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver cancer (5, 6).”
BackgroundAhn, J. C., Ng, W. H., Yeo, Y. H., Kim, H.-S., Wang, Y., Trivedi, H. D., Ayoub, W. S., Kuo, A., Rich, N. E., Parikh, N. D., et al. (2025) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001328 · Cited by 17
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“The planning of treatment strategies needs multidisciplinary team involvement [50].”
Mauro, E., de Castro, T., Zeitlhoefler, M., Hackshaw, A. K., Lee, M., Meyer, T., Singal, A. G., & Llovet, J. M. (2025) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.08.042 · Cited by 17
“10 However, a subsequent efficacy analysis with longer FU showed a reduction in the magnitude of clinical benefit, and thus the trial no longer met the primary endpoint.”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe WFH Guidelines for the Management of Haemophilia: AAV Gene Therapy, 2025
Pierce, G. F., Ozelo, M. C., Mahlangu, J. N., Dunn, A. L., Beijlevelt, M., Bender, R., Carcao, M. D., Coffin, D., Grazzi, E. F., Foster, G. R., et al. (2025) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.70113 · Cited by 17
“This recommendation also follows the recommendations for screening of high-risk individuals in the AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma [106].”
Jin, Z.-C., Wei, J., Xiao, Y., Si, A., Chen, J.-J., Zhu, X., Li, J., Nie, F., Ding, R., Zhou, H., et al. (2025) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001593 · Cited by 16
“[14] 17] While previous radiomic studies in HCC have primarily focused on global tumor characteristics, few have quantitatively addressed ITH, thereby limiting the clinical utility and generalizability of these approaches.”
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“HCC remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and current AASLD/EASL guidelines recommend semi-annual surveillance in patients with cirrhosis, typically using ultrasound with or without serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) [27,28].”
Tan, X., Wang, Z., Liao, S., Yi, M., Tao, D., Zhang, X., Leng, X., Shi, J., Xie, S., Yang, Y., et al. (2023) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.16029 · Cited by 15
“5,6 However, sorafenib resistance is a commonly recognized clinical problem that arises in association with epigenetics, exosomes, apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, glucose metabolism, lactate metabolism, and tumor microenvironment.”
BackgroundMori, N., Tamaki, N., Takaki, S., Tsuji, K., Tada, T., Nakamura, S., Ochi, H., Mashiba, T., Doisaki, M., Marusawa, H., et al. (2024) · Investigational New Drugs · doi:10.1007/s10637-024-01470-y · Cited by 15
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New Scenarios in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Mauro, E., Rodríguez‐Perálvarez, M., D’Alessio, A., Crespo, G., Piñero, F., Martin, E. D., Colmenero, J., Pinato, D. J., & Forner, A. (2024) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.16142 · Cited by 15
Sex Differences in Adverse Liver and Nonliver Outcomes in Steatotic Liver Disease
Yan, T., Zhang, X., Wong, T., Cheung, R. C., & Nguyen, M. H. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48946 · Cited by 15
Aoki, T., Nishida, N., Kurebayashi, Y., Sakai, K., Fujiwara, N., Tsurusaki, M., Hanaoka, K., Morita, M., Chishina, H., Takita, M., et al. (2025) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2024.1088 · Cited by 21
Heo, S., Yang, J., Park, J., Hui, R. W., Song, B. G., Song, I. H., Yoon, Y., Cheung, T. T., Chung, S. W., Choi, J., et al. (2025) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70085 · Cited by 15
Schindler, P., von Beauvais, P., Hoffmann, E., Morgul, H. M., Börner, N., Masthoff, M., Khaled, N. B., Rennebaum, F., Lange, C. M., Trebicka, J., et al. (2025) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1097/lvt.0000000000000603 · Cited by 15
Spatial omics-based machine learning algorithms for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Wang, M., Grauzam, S. E., Bayram, M., Dressman, J. W., DelaCourt, A. T., Blaschke, C. R. K., Liang, H., Scott, D. A., Huffman, G., Black, A. P., et al. (2024) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-024-00677-7 · Cited by 14
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Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma after immunotherapy
Chan, L. L., Kwong, T. T., Yau, J., & Chan, S. L. (2025) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101781 · Cited by 16
“These agents have been approved in the fi rst-line setting due to their established ef fi cacy and safety, the rationale of offering an alternative mechanism of action, and their accessibility, despite the lack of high-quality data to guide management in this context [18 − 20].”
Zhao, C., Lee, Y., Melehy, A., Kim, M., Yang, J., Zhang, C., Kim, J., Zhang, R. Y., Lee, J., Kim, H., et al. (2025) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-025-03379-7 · Cited by 14
“Following these treatments, cross-sectional imaging, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are employed to assess treatment response (TR) for determining prognosis and guiding further management [5].”
Self-citationDeepSeek-assisted LI-RADS classification: AI-driven precision in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis
Zhang, J., Liu, J., Guo, M., Zhang, X., Xiao, W., & Chen, F. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000002763 · Cited by 14
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“Uni-and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify parameters associated with OS and PFS between viral and non-viral HCC, as well as viral and NASH-induced HCC.”
MethodSelf-citationAdjuvant Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Treatment: Several Unanswered Questions
Li, L., Li, Z., Pan, L.-X., Su, J., Huang, S., Ma, L., & Zhong, J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2024.00030 · Cited by 15
“2,3,17 Therefore, only patients at high risk of recurrence receive adjuvant therapy.”
BackgroundInfluentialClinician-Level Knowledge and Barriers to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
Wong, R. J., Jones, P. D., Niu, B., Therapondos, G., Thamer, M., Kshirsagar, O. S., Zhang, Y., Pinheiro, P. S., Kyalwazi, B., Fass, R., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.11076 · Cited by 15
Self-citationHepatocellular carcinoma-the role of the underlying liver disease in clinical practice
de Mattos, Â. Z., Bombassaro, I., Vogel, A., & Debes, J. D. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i19.2488 · Cited by 15
“The study met its primary endpoints with a significant improvement in OS for the ICI combination therapy, and STRIDE has been approved by FDA and EMA and is now also endorsed by international guidelines[57,58].”
Tang, Z., Bai, T., Wei, T., Wang, X., Chen, J., Ye, J., Li, S., Wei, M., Li, X., Lin, Y., et al. (2024) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-024-12484-3 · Cited by 14
“According to AASLD Practice Guidance of hepatocellular carcinoma [12], TACE is the primary treatment option for patients with BCLC Stage B HCC [13, 14].”
BackgroundMaung, S. T., Tanpowpong, N., Satja, M., Treeprasertsuk, S., & Chaiteerakij, R. (2024) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.16643 · Cited by 14
“4,58 Therefore, T1WI stands out as the pivotal sequence in CE-MRI, offering valuable insights into tissue characteristics and enhancement patterns.”
Xia, D., Bai, W., Wang, Q., Chung, J. W., Adhoute, X., Kloeckner, R., Zhang, H., Zeng, Y., Sripongpun, P., Nie, C., et al. (2024) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101216 · Cited by 14
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“…lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Hepatology journal homepage: www.elsevier.es/annalsofhepatology basis of the presumed stage of fi brosis, and the same relatively ineffective strategy (ultrasound § serum AFP) is recommended for all patients, regardless of their potential risk of HCC [7-9].”
Integrating PNPLA3 into clinical risk prediction
Chen, V. L., & Gentilucci, U. V. (2024) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.16103 · Cited by 14
The Changing Demographics and Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Gujarathi, R., Klein, J. A., Liao, C., & Pillai, A. A. (2024) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2024.08.001 · Cited by 15
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Su, J., Liu, S., Xu, X.-L., Ou, J., Ye, P.-H., Zhao, B.-T., Chen, J.-S., Luo, Q.-M., Liu, J., Tang, F.-M., et al. (2024) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000542954 · Cited by 14
“However, none of these modalities is recommended as a standard adjuvant therapy in most HCC guidelines [4, 7, 8].”
Danpanichkul, P., Duangsonk, K., Kalligeros, M., Fallon, M. B., Vuthithammee, C., Pan, C., Saokhieo, P., Derrick, W. P., Pang, Y., Chen, V. L., et al. (2025) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.18473 · Cited by 15
Self-citationRuff, S. M., Cloyd, J. M., & Pawlik, T. M. (2023) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-023-14255-z · Cited by 16
“11,16 Parenchymal-sparing strategies are emphasized even in the context of anatomic resections to minimize postoperative liver insufficiency.”
BackgroundAdjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Dilemmas at the start of a new era
Zhong, J. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.806 · Cited by 16
Meyer, T., Finn, R. S., Borad, M. J., Mahipal, A., Edeline, J., Houot, R., Hausner, P. F., Hollebecque, A., Goyal, L., Frigault, M. J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.07.033 · Cited by 13
Self-citationBhoori, S., Rivoltini, L., Pinato, D. J., Bellia, V., Maspero, M., Bongini, M. A., de Cristofaro, J., Vaiani, M., Dosi, M., Vergani, E., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2026.02.019 · Cited by 13
NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC in Asia: Burden and Surveillance
Koh, J. H., Wang, M., Suzuki, H., Muthiah, M. D., Ng, C. H., & Huang, D. Q. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2023.06.013 · Cited by 15
Systemic Treatment in Intermediate Stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer-B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Karagiannakis, D. S. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16010051 · Cited by 13
“The vast majority of studies evaluating the efficacy of ICIs combined with anti-VEGFR monoclonal antibodies or TKIs have been carried out in populations predominantly consisting of BCLC-C patients [61].”
BackgroundLani, L., Stefanini, B., & Trevisani, F. (2024) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000535497 · Cited by 13
“Moreover, if a patient is considered suitable for surveillance for HCC, its recommended modality (semi-annual US ± AFP) is always the same, regardless of the individual risk of HCC, in accordance with the policy of “ one-size-fi ts-all ” [11, 12].”
BackgroundMethodArvind, A., Dahan, K. S. E., Malhotra, R., Daher, D., Rich, N. E., Patel, M. S., VanWagner, L. B., Lieber, S. R., Cotter, T. G., Louissaint, J., et al. (2024) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1097/lvt.0000000000000357 · Cited by 13
“Professional society guidelines, including the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), recommend bridging therapy for patients awaiting liver transplantation to reduce the risk of waitlist dropout [ 56 ] ; however, its association with posttransplant outcomes remains unclear.”
BackgroundSelf-citationCurrent Trends and Advancements in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Teufel, A., Kudo, M., Qian, Y., Daza, J., Rodriguez, I., Reissfelder, C., Ridruejo, E., & Ebert, M. P. (2024) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000538815 · Cited by 14
“Surgical approaches, including liver resection and liver transplantation, remain the primary curative treatments for early-stage HCC [22, 30, 32].”
InfluentialHao, Y., Xie, F., Zhou, Y., Li, C., Zhang, X., Shen, J., Yao, M., Sun, X., Zhou, J. J., Wen, T., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08340-1 · Cited by 13
“Participants allocated to the arm of surgery alone will receive liver resection within 1 week after randomization according to existing guidelines [20].”
MethodWen, F., Huang, P., Wu, Q., Yang, Y., Zhou, K., Zhang, M., & Li, Q. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.70094 · Cited by 14
Lee, C. L., Freeman, M., Burak, K. W., Moffat, G. T., O’Donnell, C. D. J., Ding, P. Q., Lyubetska, H., Meyers, B. M., Gordon, V. L., Kosyachkova, E., et al. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16162878 · Cited by 14
“Both options are considered acceptable standard treat-ment, as randomized clinical trials did not establish a preferred strategy [17,21,22,32,33].”
Backgroundda Fonseca, L. G., de Melo, M. A. Z., da Silveira, T. H. M., Yamamoto, V. J., Hashizume, P. H. S., & Sabbaga, J. (2024) · ecancermedicalscience · doi:10.3332/ecancer.2024.1748 · Cited by 13
Mura, V. L., Colombo, M., Foster, G. R., Angeli, P., Miesbach, W., Klamroth, R., Pierce, G. F., O’Mahony, B., Lim, M. Y., Hernández–Gea, V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.jtha.2024.08.018 · Cited by 13
Nartey, Y. A., Yang, J. D., Zemla, T., Ayawin, J., Asibey, S. O., El‐Kassas, M., Bampoh, S. A., Duah, A., Agyei-Nkansah, A. A., Awuku, Y. A., et al. (2024) · Cancer Research Communications · doi:10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0227 · Cited by 13
“…in combination with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) measurement, is recommended as a screening method for at-risk groups or target populations, including those with liver cirrhosis, by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (8, 9).”
MethodRole of Imaging in Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Kazi, I. A., Jahagirdar, V., Kabir, B., Syed, A. K., Kabir, A., & Perisetti, A. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16193400 · Cited by 14
“In addition to the above-mentioned common causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis from other causes also increases the risk of developing HCC, and surveillance is needed for early diagnosis and prompt management [22,24,43].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKomiyama, S., Takeda, A., Tateishi, Y., Tsurugai, Y., Eriguchi, T., & Horita, N. (2024) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110614 · Cited by 13
Risk Score for Hepatocellular Cancer in Adults Without Viral Hepatitis or Cirrhosis
Ilagan‐Ying, Y. C., Gordon, K. S., Tate, J. P., Lim, J. K., Torgersen, J., Re, V. L., Justice, A. C., & Taddei, T. H. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43608 · Cited by 13
Self-citationPoint-of-Care Ultrasound in Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Shankar, N., Kuo, L., Cleveland, N. K., Galen, B. T., Samel, N. S., Perez-Sanchez, A. C., Nathanson, R., Coss, E., Echavarria, J., Rubin, D. T., et al. (2025) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.09.040 · Cited by 13
Recent advances and issues in imaging modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance
Lee, D. H. (2025) · Journal of Liver Cancer · doi:10.17998/jlc.2025.02.16 · Cited by 13
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening: From Current Standard of Care to Future Directions
Mohnasky, M., Gad, S., Moon, A. M., Barritt, A. S., Charalel, R. A., Eckblad, C., Caddell, A., Xing, M., & Kokabi, N. (2025) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2024.10.014 · Cited by 15
Management of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review and Practical Guide
Nagalapuram, V., Popuri, N., Nipp, R. D., Ulahannan, S. V., & Lau‐Min, K. S. (2025) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op-24-00872 · Cited by 14
Țâru, M.-G., & Lupșor‐Platon, M. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15164097 · Cited by 13
“In the setting of non-cirrhotic NAFLD, HCC surveillance could be performed in at-risk individuals [53,54] and might be targeted to those potentially eligible for curative treatment with the scope of improving survival [43].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialErratum: AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
(2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000621 · Cited by 13
Noninvasive prediction of the clinical benefit of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Ono, A., Hayes, C. N., Miura, R., Kawaoka, T., Tsuge, M., & Oka, S. (2025) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-025-02251-x · Cited by 12
Cui, X., Ruan, M., Li, Y., Yang, C. Z., Zhang, J., Jin, R., Wu, D., Sun, W., & Wang, R. (2025) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-025-04089-x · Cited by 12
Jiang, H., Wei, H., Liang, L., Wang, Y., Kuang, M., Ronot, M., Song, B., & Lee, J. M. (2025) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000546966 · Cited by 15
“…data have shown substantial clinical benefits and satisfactory safety profiles of TARE when used as curative-intent radiation segmentectomy for very early/early-stage tumors, bridging/downstaging therapy prior to LT, and an alternative to TACE for intermediate/ advanced-stage tumors [2–4].”
InfluentialWongsuwan, J., Tubtawee, T., Nirattisaikul, S., Danpanichkul, P., Cheungpasitporn, W., Chaichulee, S., & Kaewdech, A. (2025) · BMJ Open Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001832 · Cited by 13
AI enhanced diagnostic accuracy and workload reduction in hepatocellular carcinoma screening
Lu, R.-F., She, C.-Y., He, D.-N., Cheng, M.-Q., Wang, Y., Huang, H., Lin, Y.-D., Lv, J.-Y., Qin, S., Liu, Z.-Z., et al. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01892-9 · Cited by 15
Hongxin, C., Hu, Q. X., Song, Z., Nie, M., Deng, Y., Huang, W., Xin, F., Yu, L., Zhan, D., Liu, M., et al. (2026) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2026.157780 · Cited by 12
Nanozyme for precision treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Feng, S., Xuan, Y., Jin, H., Cui, M., Meng, X., Liao, J., & Feng, J. (2026) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102840 · Cited by 13
“In addition, the liver's central role in systemic metal metabolism results in dysregulated iron and copper homeostasis during hepatocarcinogenesis, creating biochemical conditions that can be exploited by metal-based nanozyme systems [51 – 53].”
Trial design and end points in hepatocellular carcinoma: an EASL–AASLD–ILCA consensus statement
Llovet, J. M., Mauro, E., Rimassa, L., Mazzaferro, V., Pinter, M., Kelley, R. K., Chan, S. L., Kulik, L., Pillai, A. A., Roberts, L. R., et al. (2026) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01160-z · Cited by 13
“For this purpose, we have consolidated the recommendations endorsed by scientific societies in the current Clinical Practice Guidelines 9–12 , aligned with a validated and endorsed staging stratification and treatment allocation strategy (Fig.”
InfluentialSelf-citationGao, B., Yang, F., Zheng, D., Hu, S., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Liu, L., Wang, R., Zhao, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s443041 · Cited by 12
“2,3 TACE has been established worldwide as the standard local treatment for intermediate and advanced HCC, with an overall objective response rate (ORR) ranging from 30% to 40%.”
BackgroundRomano, P., Busti, M., Billato, I., D’Amico, F., Marchegiani, G., Pelizzaro, F., Vitale, A., & Cillo, U. (2024) · BJS Open · doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrad158 · Cited by 12
Kono, Y., Piscaglia, F., Wilson, S. R., Medellin, A., Rodgers, S. K., Planz, V. B., Kamaya, A., Fetzer, D. T., Berzigotti, A., Sidhu, P. S., et al. (2024) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-024-04305-9 · Cited by 12
“These guidelines also accept the possibility of CEUS as a second-line modality in cases where MRI and CT are inconclusive, unavailable, or contraindicated, or when tumor biopsy is not feasible [2].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNrf2/ASPM axis regulated vasculogenic mimicry formation in hepatocellular carcinoma under hypoxia
Zhang, Y., Che, N., Wang, S., Meng, J., Zhao, N., Han, J., Dong, X., Li, Y., Mo, J., Zhao, X., et al. (2024) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-024-02140-9 · Cited by 13
Vengateswaran, H. T., Habeeb, M., You, H. W., Aher, K. B., Bhavar, G. B., & Asane, G. S. (2024) · Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices · doi:10.1016/j.medntd.2024.100327 · Cited by 12
Rich, N. E., Jones, P. D., Zhu, H., Prasad, T., Hughes, A. E., Pruitt, S. L., Murphy, C. C., Dahan, K. S. E., Daher, D., Figueroa, G., et al. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000477 · Cited by 12
“[16,17] We excluded: (1) patients without imaging studies and those for whom we could not determine the date of diagnosis and/or baseline tumor burden; (2) patients with a liver mass without characteristic imaging (LI-RADS 5) or histological confirmation; and (3) patients who received treatment at…”
MethodSelf-citationSingal, A. G., Kilgore, K. M., Shvets, E., Parikh, N. D., Mehta, N. J., Ozbay, A. B., Teigland, C. L., Hafez, O., Schroeder, A. L., Yang, A., et al. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000517 · Cited by 12
Self-citationHepatocellular carcinoma systemic treatment update: From early to advanced stage
Teng, W., Wu, T.-C., & Lin, S. (2024) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2024.100815 · Cited by 14
“…trem-elimumab [66], lenvatinib [67], and sorafenib [68] are worldwide well-established as first-line treatments for advanced-stage HCC. Ate-zolizumab plus bevacizumab is further advised as the preferred first-line treatment on the basis of several global treatment guidelines [5 – 9,11,44, [70].”
InfluentialFazlollahi, F., & Makary, M. S. (2025) · World Journal of Radiology · doi:10.4329/wjr.v17.i1.98618 · Cited by 12
Lyshchik, A. P., Kuon-Yeng, C., Xiao, T. S., Piscaglia, F., Kono, Y., Medellin, A., Rodgers, S. K., Planz, V. B., Kamaya, A., Fetzer, D. T., et al. (2025) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.240916 · Cited by 12
Self-citationAkabane, M., Kawashima, J., Altaf, A., Woldesenbet, S., Cauchy, F., Aucejo, F., Popescu, I., Kitago, M., Martel, G., Ratti, F., et al. (2025) · Annals of Surgery Open · doi:10.1097/as9.0000000000000557 · Cited by 12
Kodama, Y., Ueshima, K., Moriguchi, M., Inaba, Y., Yamashita, T., Iwamoto, H., Ueno, M., Ogasawara, S., Kuzuya, T., Kodama, T., et al. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-13648-5 · Cited by 12
“…is recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable HCC (uHCC) in the Japanese guidelines for liver cancer treatment from the Japan Society of Hepatology [5, 6], as well as the guidelines of the BCLC group [4] and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases [7].”
A prospective multicenter validation of RETREAT for posttransplantation HCC recurrence prediction
Li, P. J., Tabrizian, P., Daher, D., Gaviria, F., Ajmera, V. H., Montalvan-Sanchez, E. E., Gutierrez, J. A., Zhou, K., Delebecque, F., Garcia, N. M., et al. (2025) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001297 · Cited by 12
Self-citationCharacteristics and Survival Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After the Fontan Operation
Rosenthal, B. E., Hoteit, M. A., Lluri, G., Haeffele, C. L., Daugherty, T. J., Krasuski, R. A., Serfas, J. D., de Freitas, R. A., Porlier, A., Lubert, A. M., et al. (2025) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101646 · Cited by 12
Sher, A., Todd, R., Shilo, D., Garcia-Reyes, K., Bishay, V. L., Patel, R. I., Patel, R. S., Fischman, A. M., Nowakowski, F., Lookstein, R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2025.05.009 · Cited by 12
Kim, N. J., Li, M., Vutien, P., Mecham, B., Borgerding, J. A., Swarts, K., Atuluru, P., Michel, M., Giustini, A. B., Mezzacappa, C., et al. (2025) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.021 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Singal, A. G., Llovet, J. M., Yarchoan, M., Mehta, N., Heimbach, J. K., Dawson, L. A., Jou, J. H., Kulik, L. M., Agopian, V. G., Marrero, J. A., Mendiratta-Lala, M., Brown, D. B., Rilling, W. S., Goyal, L., Wei, A. C., & Taddei, T. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University Health Network (CA)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Singal, Amit G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2023-05-22
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1922-1965
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10663390
- OpenAlex
- W4377011124
- Cited by
- 2,052
- References
- 341
- Citations by year
- 2026: 760 · 2025: 724 · 2024: 467 · 2023: 97
- FWCI
- 346.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- AstraZeneca
- American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
- Gilead Sciences
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Exelixis
- Incyte
- Cancer Research UK (26813)
- Eisai
- Ipsen
- Sirtex Medical
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- Genentech
- National Cancer Institute (P50CA062924, R01CA285544)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma prevention, hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis, hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, liver cancer, clinical guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Contrast Media, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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