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AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Open accessAbstract
Singal, Amit G.; Llovet, Josep M.; Yarchoan, Mark; Mehta, Neil; Heimbach, Julie K.; Dawson, Laura A.; Jou, Janice H.; Kulik, Laura M.; Agopian, Vatche G.; Marrero, Jorge A.; Mendiratta-Lala, Mishal; Brown, Daniel B.; Rilling, William S.; Goyal, Lipika; Wei, Alice C.; Taddei, Tamar H. Author Information
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“Surgical resection is recognized worldwide as the preferred treatment for patients with early stage HCC, whereas liver transplantation is indicated in those with early stage disease who are not deemed suitable for resection7,22.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“In general, European and US guidelines recommend more-restrictive criteria for resection than Asian guidelines7,22–27.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“In particular, regimens including immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently adopted as first-line therapies in clinical guidelines7.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Currently, clinical decisions are based on clinical factors including, but not limited to, performance status, tumour burden, liver function and comorbidities7.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Now the positive results of IMbrave 050 (ref. 12) have led to a revised management algorithm for patients with early stage HCC by incorporating adjuvant therapies in this disease setting7 (Fig. 4).”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“[309] mRECIST criteria has been proposed to adapt RECIST criteria to particularities of HCC, enabling capture of antitumoral response without observed shrinkage after local and systemic therapies.”
Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Llovet, J. M., Ricci, S., Mazzaferro, V., Hilgard, P., Gane, E., Blanc, J.-F., de Oliveira, A. C., Santoro, A., Raoul, J.-L., Forner, A., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0708857 · Cited by 13,097
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Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Finn, R. S., Qin, S., Ikeda, M., Galle, P. R., Ducreux, M., Kim, T.-Y., Kudo, M., Breder, V., Merle, P., Kaseb, A. O., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1915745 · Cited by 7,470 · cited 2×
“…PD-L1, plus bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF, as the preferred first-line treatment option for patients with advanced HCC. [312] The median OS of 19.2 months with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is the longest median OS of any first-line treatment for advanced-stage HCC to…”
InfluentialMazzaferro, V., Regalia, E., Doci, R., Andreola, S. A., Pulvirenti, A., Bozzetti, F., Montalto, F., Ammatuna, M., Morabito, A., & Gennari, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199603143341104 · Cited by 7,173 · cited 1×
“[206] 211] The main barrier to LT is a shortage of available liver allografts compared with demand, prompting an allocation system that directs access to deceased donor organs for patients both with and without HCC.”
Llovet, J. M., Kelley, R. K., Villanueva, A., Singal, A. G., Pikarsky, E., Roayaie, S., Lencioni, R., Koike, K., Zucman-Rossi, J., & Finn, R. S. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 · Cited by 7,055
Self-citationCancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview
Ferlay, J., Colombet, M., Soerjomataram, I., Parkin, D. M., Piñeros, M., Znaor, A., & Bray, F. (2021) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33588 · Cited by 6,308
A New Era of Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Regorafenib and Lenvatinib
Kudo, M. (2017) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000462153 · Cited by 5,974
Cheng, A.-L., Kang, Y.-K., Chen, Z., Tsao, C.-J., Qin, S., Kim, J. S., Luo, R., Feng, J., Ye, S., Yang, T.-S., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70285-7 · Cited by 5,832 · cited 1×
“[320] In 2018, lenvatinib (an oral mTKI targeting vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]2 and other kinases) met its primary endpoint of noninferiority versus sorafenib in a global phase III randomized study, REFLECT.”
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Marrero, 2021, GALAD score improves early detection of HCC prior to the diagnosis of HCC: A phase 3 biomarker validation study. Abstract #138, Hepatology, 74, 92A
- Dawson, 2022, ORAL SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS LBA 01: NRG/RTOG 1112: Randomized Phase III Study of Sorafenib vs. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Followed by Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (NCT01730937). Int J Radiation Oncol, Biol, Physics, 114, P1057
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Items 401–500 of 1,000
Wang, C., Leng, B., You, R., Yu, Z., Ya, L., Diao, L., Jiang, H., Cheng, Y., Yin, G., & Xu, Q. (2024) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s480540 · Cited by 8
“15 Besides visible or measurable parameters in CT or MRI, visible imaging data can be converted into high-throughput and precise features through radiomics approach, and it has been extensively used in various cancer types for diagnosis and clinical outcome prediction.”
Li, Z., Mo, C., Li, C., Wang, Q., Huang, S., Huang, Y., & Liang, Y. (2024) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.4c00504 · Cited by 8
Ren, L., Chen, D. B., Yan, X., She, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Liao, W., & Chen, H. (2024) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s423549 · Cited by 8
“96 Therefore, more refined stratification methods are required to meet the needs of precision treatment.”
Lam, B. P., Bartholomew, J., Bau, S., Gilles, H., Keller, A., Moore, A., Nader, K., Richards, L., Henry, L. L., & Younossi, Z. M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000002140 · Cited by 8
“10,68 Moreover, only 1.5 million of those with MASH have been diagnosed.”
InfluentialYao, X., Ling, X., Zhu, Z., cao, X., & Tang, S. (2025) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.15.04040 · Cited by 8
Advancements in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Ascari, S., Chen, R., Vivaldi, C., Stefanini, B., Sinno, A. D., Dalbeni, A., Federico, P., & Tovoli, F. (2025) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1080/14737140.2025.2461631 · Cited by 8
“The latest guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommend assessing bleeding risk from esophageal varices, with tremelimu-mab-durvalumab preferred as first-line therapy in high-risk patients, assuming immunotherapy remains appropriate [20].”
Hsu, Y.-C., Wu, M.-C., Weng, M., Lee, Y.-T., Chou, H.-C., Lee, M., Wang, L., Sheu, J., & Chen, C. (2025) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2024-010472 · Cited by 8
Anastasopoulos, N.-A., Barbouti, A., GOUSSIA, A. C., Christodoulou, D. K., & Glantzounis, G. K. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17050842 · Cited by 8
Moon, A. M., Kappelman, M. D., Barritt, A. S., Evon, D. M., Sanoff, H. K., & Wagner, L. I. (2025) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s347929 · Cited by 9
“93,105 Additionally, referral of patients diagnosed with HCC to centers that can offer curative therapies including surgical resection and liver transplantation may improve these outcomes.”
Stollmayer, R., Güven, S., Heidt, C. M., Schlamp, K., Kaposi, P. N., von Stackelberg, O., Kauczor, H., Klauß, M., & Mayer, P. (2025) · Cancer Imaging · doi:10.1186/s40644-025-00844-6 · Cited by 8
“According to recent guidelines [1–4], the characteristic appearance of HCC with radiological imaging is sufficient for its diagnosis without the need for biopsy in patients who are at high risk for HCC and when there is curative intent.”
Chen, X., Wu, X., Peng, W., Liu, L., Liu, X., Wan, X., Xu, H., Zheng, Y., Zhao, H., Mao, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s504016 · Cited by 8
Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly and adolescent/young adult populations
Lee, H. A. (2025) · Journal of Liver Cancer · doi:10.17998/jlc.2025.02.28 · Cited by 8
“40 For surgical resection in elderly patients with HCC, careful consideration of age-related liver changes is required, as factors like reduced hepatic blood flow, diminished bile acid secretion, and impaired immune function can impact surgical outcomes and recovery.”
Ichikawa, S., Sofue, K., Nakamura, Y., Higaki, T., Morisaka, H., Hyodo, T., Murakami, T., Awai, K., Jinzaki, M., & Goshima, S. (2025) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/rli.0000000000001187 · Cited by 8
The Role of AFP-L3 and DCP Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Norman, J. S., & Mehta, N. J. (2025) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-025-00686-7 · Cited by 10
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“…had a histological or radiological diagnosis of HCC in accordance with either European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL) or American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria 20,21 and were deemed suitable for A/B following local multidisciplinary meeting discussion.”
Sandro, S. D., Centonze, L., Ratti, F., Russolillo, N., Conci, S., Gringeri, E., Ardito, F., Colasanti, M., Sposito, C., Carlis, R. D., et al. (2025) · Updates in Surgery · doi:10.1007/s13304-025-02293-z · Cited by 8
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“According to the latest HCC management guidelines from the EASL and AASLD [47, 48], MVI, poor PG, and satellite nodules are traditionally recognized as high-risk pathological features [49].”
Kim, J., BAJAJ, H. S., Ramji, A. S., Bémeur, C., & Sebastiani, G. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.04.003 · Cited by 11
Ohara, M., Suda, G., Kohya, R., Yasui, Y., Tsuchiya, K., Kurosaki, M., Tani, J., Maekawa, S., Enomoto, N., Chuma, M., et al. (2025) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-025-10875-7 · Cited by 8
Machine Learning–Based Selection of Resection vs Transplant and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Kim, H. U., Han, J. W., Sung, P. S., Jang, J. W., Yoon, S. K., Choi, H. J., & You, Y. K. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.32353 · Cited by 8
State-of-the-Art Review: Hepatitis C
Re, V. L., Bhattacharya, D., Price, J. C., Aronsohn, A. I., Kim, H. N., Falade-Nwulia, O. O., Zimmerman, M., Trooskin, S. B., & Torgersen, J. (2025) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaf334 · Cited by 8
Chan, S. L., Kudo, M., Sangro, B., Kelley, R. K., Kim, J. H., Pham, B. V., Hong, J. Y., Waldschmidt, D., Marino, D., Lee, J. J. X., et al. (2025) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000549955 · Cited by 8
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Self-citationHepatic Precancerous Lesions and Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Wen, K. W., & Kakar, S. (2023) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2023.11.005 · Cited by 8
Everolimus Acts in Synergy with Vinorelbine to Suppress the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Huynh, H. T., Ng, W. H., & Soo, K. C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010017 · Cited by 8
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“…considered as preferable to first-line therapy options [11], except for patients with high-risk stigmata of variceal or other gastrointestinal bleeding and those with liver cirrhosis in whom immune-based regimes are contraindicated (e.g., severe autoimmune disorders or liver transplantation) [12].”
BackgroundZheng, Z., Mei, J., Guan, R., Zhang, J., Xiong, X., Gan, J., Li, S., & Guo, R. (2024) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-024-03713-6 · Cited by 8
SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD clinical guidelines for the management of hepatocarcinoma patients (2023)
López, C., Calvo, M., Cámara, J. C., García-Paredes, B., Gómez-Martín, C., López, A. M., Pazo-Cid, R., Sastre, J., Yayá, R., & Feliú, J. (2024) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-024-03568-4 · Cited by 8
“Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection is slightly more sensitive and is cost-effective [13, 14], although there is no consensus concerning its use as a screening method [15, 16].”
BackgroundParikh, N. D., Jones, P., Salgia, R. J., Bhan, I., Grinspan, L. T., Jou, J. H., Zhou, K., Jalal, P. K., Roccaro, G. A., Rangnekar, A. S., et al. (2024) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.07.008 · Cited by 8
Self-citationHsu, Y.-C., Lin, P., Teng, W., Hsieh, Y., Chen, W., Su, C., Wang, C., Chai, P., Lin, C., Lin, C.-Y., et al. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16203458 · Cited by 8
“HCC was confirmed by pathological samples or dynamic computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to AASLD guidance [2].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHeo, S., Kim, S. Y., Lee, S. J., Lee, S. S., Byun, J. H., Won, H. J., Shin, Y. M., Choi, S. H., & Sirlin, C. B. (2025) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.24.32433 · Cited by 9
Fu, S., Boers, R., Boers, J., van der Meeren, P. E., Helmijr, J., de Weerd, V., Doukas, M., Jansen, M., Hansen, B. E., de Wilde, R. F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-025-03412-9 · Cited by 8
“Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is currently the only biomarker utilized for the detection and monitoring of HCC [5], but AFP testing has a sensitivity of only 39–64% for early-stage HCC [9].”
Alghamdi, S. A., & Al-hamoudi, W. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15215115 · Cited by 8
“Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recommended as first-line therapy for unresectable HCC and is used widely in the primary treatment of intermediate-stage disease [30,31].”
Ma, Y., Jiang, X., Song, P., & Tang, W. (2024) · BioScience Trends · doi:10.5582/bst.2023.01436 · Cited by 10
Liang, J., Lee, Y., Yeo, Y. H., Luu, M., Ayoub, W. S., Kuo, A., Trivedi, H. D., Vipani, A., Gaddam, S., Kim, H., et al. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000723 · Cited by 8
“Current practice guidelines recommend semiannual abdominal ultrasound with or without serum a -fetoprotein (AFP) for HCC surveillance among at-risk populations, such as those with chronic hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis (6,7).”
Self-citationHoffer, E. K., Drinane, M. C., Bhatnagar, V., Mehta, R., Munger, D. P., & Borsic, A. (2024) · International Journal of Hyperthermia · doi:10.1080/02656736.2024.2331704 · Cited by 7
“Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative minimally-invasive first-line therapy for unresectable small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with low complication rates and rapid recovery [1,2].”
Cao, K., Wu, L., Wang, X., Deng, H., Yuan, Y., Li, L., Xu, C., & Ye, X. H. (2024) · Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment · doi:10.1177/15330338241281327 · Cited by 7
Optimizing US for HCC surveillance
Rodgers, S. K., Fetzer, D. T., Seow, J. H.-S., McGillen, K. L., Burrowes, D. P., Fung, C. I., Udare, A. S., Wilson, S. R., & Kamaya, A. (2024) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-024-04631-y · Cited by 7
Adamo, R. G., Lam, E., Salameh, J., van der Pol, C. B., Goins, S. M., Dawit, H., Costa, A. F., Levis, B., Singal, A. G., Chernyak, V., et al. (2024) · Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal · doi:10.1177/08465371241306297 · Cited by 7
“…diagnosis of HCC in “at-risk” populations which is defined as all individuals with chronic HBV, cirrhosis, or a personal history of HCC. 2,14 In summary, recent guidelines recommend that “low-risk” HBV-positive individuals should have a biopsy for HCC diagnosis, while LI-RADS allows…”
Self-citationSystemic Treatment for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Surgeon’s Perspective
Zhu, X., Zhao, L., Li, B., Cheng, Y., & Sun, H. (2025) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s504457 · Cited by 7
“2,9,10,14 However, bevacizumab may induce an elevated risk of bleeding in patients with severe esophageal and gastric varices.”
InfluentialEvolving Landscape of Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2025
Kumar, K., & Saraswat, V. A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2025.102547 · Cited by 10
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Self-citationCurrent Challenges in Imaging-Based Cancer Screening, From the AJR Special Series on Screening
Grimm, L. J., Kruse, D. E., Tailor, T. D., Johnson, K. S., Allen, B. C., & Ryser, M. D. (2025) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.25.32808 · Cited by 8
Wajcman, D. I., Nicolàs, A., Picchio, C. A., van Selm, L., Dusheiko, G. M., Younossi, Z. M., Dillon, J. F., Alqahtani, S. A., Razavi, H. A., Colombo, M. G., et al. (2025) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101436 · Cited by 8
“Despite most HCC guidelines emphasising the importance of hepatitis B virus vaccination and hepatitis C virus treatment, more emphasis is needed on viral hepatitis case detection, early treatment initiation, and preventive treatment, to reduce the risk of transmission and HCC. Viral hepatitis guidelines must underscor…”
InfluentialKim, H., Kim, B., Son, S. H., Jang, J. W., Sung, P. S., Choi, J. I., Kim, S. H., Oh, J. S., & Chun, H. J. (2025) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-025-11730-x · Cited by 7
Chan, L. L., Chan, A. W. H., Yip, T. C., Wong, G. L., Ngai, A. K. H., Mo, F. K. F., Chok, K., Kung, J. W. C., Chu, C. M., Mok, K. K. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.028 · Cited by 7
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“Individual studies [35–37] and consensus guidelines [2, 3] have indicated that potentially curative resection can improve prognosis of patients in stage C.”
“Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: Current challenges in Latin America”
Pagés, J., Mendizábal, M., Castro‐Narro, G., Menéndez, J. M., Beltrán, O., da Fonseca, L. G., Teller, J. P., Girala, M., Cano, D. F. A., & Piñero, F. (2025) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101935 · Cited by 8
Meyers, B. M., Lim, H. J., Brahmania, M., Liu, D. M., Tam, V. C., McLeod, D., Ramjeesingh, R., Knox, J. J., & Vogel, A. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359251357719 · Cited by 9
“3,44,149 HCC development can be a risk factor for liver decompensation 144,150 and HCC treatment has the potential to positively impact liver function by reducing tumor burden, delaying recurrence or progression or, more directly, by increasing liver remnant volume after resection in neoadjuvant…”
Sarwar, A., Nasser, I. A., Weinstein, J. L., Odeh, M., Babar, H. S., Dinh, D. C., Curry, M. P., Bullock, A. J., Eckhoff, D. E., Dib, M., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-025-07471-0 · Cited by 7
“Out of the 28 patients, 18 were diagnosed based on imaging criteria [18 ], while 10 patients had biopsy-confirmed HCC.”
Zhang, N., Liu, K., Yu, Y., Yuan, K., Yu, H., Nault, J., Campani, C., Blaise, L., Mouri, S., Spitzer, E., et al. (2025) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-025-10895-3 · Cited by 7
Abaalkhail, F. A., Sanai, F. M., Alswat, K., Alzanbagi, A., Al-Jedai, A. H., Alshehri, A., Alfadda, A. A., Alghamdi, H., Almadi, M. A., AlEissa, M., et al. (2025) · Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4103/sjg.sjg_199_25 · Cited by 8
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“Therefore, clear and consistent definitions, as described in guidelines on definition of (time-to-event) endpoints [37,38] and international HCC management guidelines [2,39], are essential.”
Lim, R. Y., Tan, F. X. N., Ho, G. J. K., Tham, E. K. J., Kow, A. W. C., Lv, G., Fan, Z., Syn, N. L. X., Nakano, M., Li, W., et al. (2025) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2025.08.036 · Cited by 7
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Tang, S.-C., Huang, T., Tang, R., Lin, K., Luo, C., Shen, Y., Zhang, K., Tang, Y., Kong, J., Chen, Z., et al. (2025) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2025-335449 · Cited by 7
Chiu, S.-H., Yoon, L. S., Altmayer, S., Delitto, D., Kamaya, A., & Tse, J. R. (2025) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.25.33787 · Cited by 7
Lin, Y., Lin, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. A., Chen, I.-C., Tsai, H., Chen, C. H., Lee, S., Yang, H., & Lee, T. (2026) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70566 · Cited by 7
“The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of HCC, diagnosed by histopathological examinations or typical image findings based on the practice guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) [37].”
Berman, Z. T., la Garza‐Ramos, C. D., Montazeri, S., Malone, C. D., Sandow, T. A., Gimenez, J. M., Young, S., Fidelman, N. A., Pianka, K. T., Sher, A., et al. (2026) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.251923 · Cited by 7
A multi-analyte cfDNA-based blood test for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Taggart, D. J., Mahajan, S., Gallant, M. A., Pinkoviezky, I., Xu, J., Sorg, A. J., Roberts, C. C., Slinkov, D., Gorospe, E. C., Mubarak, A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2026.04.012 · Cited by 7
Lu, Z., Wei, X., Tan, L., Xiang, B., & Gong, W. (2023) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107073 · Cited by 9
Development and Evaluation of a Patient Cirrhosis Knowledge Assessment
Bloom, P. P., Zheng, C., Hyde, A. M., Johnson, E., Cruz, A. M., Carbonneau, M., Hazra, D., & Tandon, P. (2024) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-023-08238-z · Cited by 7
Maher, A. M., Shanker, M., Liu, H. Y.-H., Lee, Y., Leggett, D., Hodgkinson, P., Pryor, D. I., & Stuart, K. A. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.6978 · Cited by 7
“14,15 With the inclusion of SBRT as an alternative first-line treatment option within our MDM, 90% of the original 123 patients identified with BCLC early-stage solitary ≤ 3 cm HCC received a curative intent first-line therapy and only 5% received treatment stage migration therapy with TACE.”
BackgroundHuang, H., Liao, W., Zhang, K., Wang, H., Cheng, Q., & Mei, B. (2024) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s455878 · Cited by 7
“15,16 However, to the best of our knowledge, there is still no study about PA-TACE plus adjuvant immunotherapy for huge HCC.”
BackgroundLi, D., Cheng, S., Woods, A. W., Luong, A., Schiltz, S., Tan, R., & Chi, Z. (2024) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s467913 · Cited by 7
Disease modifiers and novel markers in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Mak, L. (2024) · Journal of Liver Cancer · doi:10.17998/jlc.2024.08.03 · Cited by 7
“…scan with or without serum alpha feto-protein (AFP) measurement every 6 months among CHB patients with cirrhosis or risk factors for HCC. 5,44 Risk factors for HCC vary between regions, but in general refer to cirrhosis, men ≥ 40 years old or women ≥ 50 years old, or family history of HCC.”
BackgroundCelsa, C., Quartararo, A., Maida, M. F., Giusino, G., Gaudioso, V., Sparacino, A., Cusimano, G., Rao, S., Grova, A., Ciccia, R., et al. (2025) · Hepatoma Research · doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2024.126 · Cited by 7
Starnawski, P., Nowak, K., Augustyn, Z., Malicki, D., Piąta, A., Lorek, D., & Janczura, J. (2025) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02674-9 · Cited by 9
“Additionally, AASLD suggests combining ultrasound with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurement, which increases sensitivity from 53 to 63% compared to ultrasound alone [56, 57]”
Racial and ethnic differences in social determinants of health among patients with HCC
Al-Hasan, M., Rich, N. E., Figueroa, G., Garces, S. M., Quirk, L., Yekkaluri, S., Yopp, A. C., Jones, P. D., & Singal, A. G. (2025) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000735 · Cited by 7
“[18] Patients with a history of previously treated HCC, overt hepatic encephalopathy precluding survey completion, or primary language other than English or Spanish were excluded.”
Self-citationDiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using Sonazoid: a comprehensive review
Jeong, W. K. (2023) · Journal of Liver Cancer · doi:10.17998/jlc.2023.08.25 · Cited by 7
“Over the past two decades, various medical societies have proposed imaging-based criteria and guidelines for diagnosing HCC. 1,4 These systems originated from Europe, Asia, and North America; thus, inconsistencies led to regional differences and hindered the global adoption of a single guideline.”
BackgroundHepatocellular Carcinoma: Optimal Radiological Evaluation before Liver Transplantation
Burgio, M. D., Garzelli, L., Cannella, R., Ronot, M., & Vilgrain, V. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13122267 · Cited by 7
“This list of tips is provided to synthetize the reported evidence and to give practical recommendations:”
Gil-Rojas, S., Suárez, M., Martínez-Blanco, P., Torres, A., Martínez-García, N., Blasco, P., Torralba, M., & Mateo, J. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25041996 · Cited by 8
“This is because different geographic areas have distinct risk factors that can modify the course and prognosis of the disease [9,10].”
BackgroundFrom research to reality: The role of artificial intelligence applications in HCC care
Wiest, I. C., Gilbert, S., & Kather, J. N. (2024) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1097/cld.0000000000000136 · Cited by 7
The Future Role of Abdominal US in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
Mendiratta‐Lala, M., Fetzer, D. T., Kamaya, A., Parikh, N. D., & Singal, A. G. (2024) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.232624 · Cited by 7
Self-citationDanzeng, A., Guo, L., Yang, Z., He, Z.-W., Zeng, C., Ciren, P., Lan, R.-H., Jiang, X., Wang, C., & Zhang, B. (2024) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.gassur.2024.05.001 · Cited by 6
Lee, C., Tsai, H., Hsu, H.-M., Yu, M., Lee, W., Wang, C., Hsieh, Y., Lin, C.-Y., Cheng, M., Lo, C.-J., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000001905 · Cited by 6
Fekry, B., Ugartemendia, L., Esnaola, N. F., & Goetzl, L. M. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16142552 · Cited by 6
“…biomarker currently validated for clinical use for screening for HCC, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), has marginal sensitivity and specificity (approximately 60 and 80%, respectively); not surprisingly, most societal guidelines recommend its use only in combination with abdominal ultrasound [32,34–36].”
BackgroundQuality of care in hepatocellular carcinoma—A critical review
Abdelmalak, J., Lubel, J. S., Sinclair, M. J., Majeed, A., Kemp, W. W., & Roberts, S. K. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000595 · Cited by 6
“[47,48] 10] Australian QI therefore suggests that TACE (or alternative therapies such as selective internal radioembolization therapy) is offered to patients with BCLC-B HCC not suitable for curative treatment with the intent to delay progression and prolong survival, and in a select subset of…”
InfluentialHawley, J., Tang, Y., Sjöström, A., Fuentes‐Alburo, A., & Tranquart, F. (2024) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.10.011 · Cited by 6
Abdelhadi, S., Șandra-Petrescu, F., Vassilev, G., Birgin, E., Rahbari, N. N., & Reissfelder, C. (2024) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-024-11476-5 · Cited by 6
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Imaging Advances in 2024 with a Focus on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Renzulli, M., & Giampalma, E. (2025) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol32010040 · Cited by 6
la Garza‐Ramos, C. D., Montazeri, S. A., LeGout, J. D., Lewis, A. R., Frey, G. T., Paz‐Fumagalli, R., Hallemeier, C. L., Rutenberg, M. S., Ashman, J. B., & Toskich, B. B. (2025) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s507267 · Cited by 6
Future perspectives on immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Chan, L. L., & Chan, S. L. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359251323199 · Cited by 7
“4 Given these outcomes, ICI-based treatment is now the standard first-line therapy for patients with advanced HCC. 6,7 It has long been recognized that the immune sys-tem plays a substantial role in cancer control.”
Danpanichkul, P., Pang, Y., Auttapracha, T., Ta’ani, O. A., Suenghataiphorn, T., Kaewdech, A., Muthiah, M. D., Kim, D., Wijarnpreecha, K., Singal, A. G., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17071133 · Cited by 6
“Expanding data collection to include these states in future cycles would provide a more comprehensive understanding of childhood liver cancer epidemiology and regional variations [17].”
Self-citationTang, H.-H., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z.-C., Chen, F., Li, S., Chen, W., & Wang, W. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-13993-5 · Cited by 6
“The diversification of systemic anti-tumor agents has changed the therapeutic landscape for advanced HCC [3, 4].”
Yoon, J. H., Chang, W., Kim, Y. K., Lee, C. H., Kim, J. W., Park, B. J., Choi, J., Kim, S., Park, H. S., Lee, E. S., et al. (2025) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000545965 · Cited by 6
An, C., Zuo, M., Li, W., & Wu, P. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000002719 · Cited by 6
“As previously reported, HCC was diagnosed either through histological biopsy or according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria [21] .”
Li, Z., Chen, I. C.-Y., Centonze, L., Magyar, C. T. J., Choi, W. J., Ivanics, T., O'Kane, G. M., Vogel, A., Erdman, L., Carlis, L. G. D., et al. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-00994-5 · Cited by 6
“Liver transplantation (LT) represents the optimal treatment for patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 1,2 .”
Self-citationChun, H. S., Lee, M., Lee, H. A., Park, E. S., Choi, J. Y., Baek, H. S., Kim, T. H., Lin, H., Yip, T. C., Lee, H. W., et al. (2025) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2025.06.025 · Cited by 9
“8,12 Considering the relatively low HCC incidence in the MASLD population compared with other chronic liver diseases, 6 the risk model was developed to stratify patients with an annual HCC incidence 0.2%, potentially exempting them from HCC surveillance.”
InfluentialMallela, V. R., Alharbi, S. N., Vithayathil, M. K., Ward, C., Patel, R., & Sharma, R. (2025) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115633 · Cited by 6
Joo, I. (2025) · Journal of Liver Cancer · doi:10.17998/jlc.2025.07.29 · Cited by 6
Modern approach to hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
Cortese, F., Anagnostopoulos, F., Bazzocchi, M. V., Caringi, S., Pisani, A. R., Renzulli, M., Paraskevopoulos, I. T., Laera, L., Surgo, A., Spiliopoulos, S., et al. (2025) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v17.i8.107873 · Cited by 6
Mino, M., Kakazu, E., & Kanto, T. (2025) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl250187 · Cited by 6
John, B. V., Camardo, M., Porter, K. M., Elias, P. Z., Kielar‐Grevstad, E., Rego, S. P., Parikh, N. D., Roberts, L. R., Silva, A. C., Singal, A. G., et al. (2025) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000800 · Cited by 6
Self-citationLi, Y., Qiao, Z., Li, Y., Feng, Y., & Wang, X. (2025) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-025-06345-0 · Cited by 6
Mathew, S., Cussens, D., & Pericleous, M. (2025) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.clinme.2025.100532 · Cited by 6
“Prognostic scores, such as the aMAP score, 20 and specific scores in hepatitis B (PAGE-B) 5 , 21 , 22 may help target surveillance to higher-risk individuals, and it remains important to consider individual factors, including co-existing aetiologies towards liver disease.”
Lin, Q., Peng, W., Yu, X., Xie, F., Wang, X., Song, Z., Luo, M., Yang, Z., Hu, Z., Fu, Y., et al. (2025) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000549793 · Cited by 6
“Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) HCC diagnosed per American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines [18]; (2) no extrahepatic metastasis; (3) no prior exposure to systemic treatment; (4) initially un-resectable disease rendered resectable by systemic therapy; (5)…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Singal, A. G., Llovet, J. M., Yarchoan, M., Mehta, N., Heimbach, J. K., Dawson, L. A., Jou, J. H., Kulik, L. M., Agopian, V. G., Marrero, J. A., Mendiratta-Lala, M., Brown, D. B., Rilling, W. S., Goyal, L., Wei, A. C., & Taddei, T. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University Health Network (CA)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Singal, Amit G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2023-05-22
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1922-1965
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10663390
- OpenAlex
- W4377011124
- Cited by
- 2,052
- References
- 341
- Citations by year
- 2026: 760 · 2025: 724 · 2024: 467 · 2023: 97
- FWCI
- 346.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- AstraZeneca
- American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
- Gilead Sciences
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Exelixis
- Incyte
- Cancer Research UK (26813)
- Eisai
- Ipsen
- Sirtex Medical
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- Genentech
- National Cancer Institute (P50CA062924, R01CA285544)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma prevention, hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis, hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, liver cancer, clinical guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Contrast Media, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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