Cited by 135Sodium Intake and HealthCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

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High dietary sodium intake impairs endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy salt-resistant humans

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DuPont, Jennifer J., Greaney, Jody L., Wenner, Megan M., Lennon-Edwards, Shannon L., Sanders, Paul W., Farquhar, William B., Edwards, David G.·2013·Journal of Hypertension

DOI 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835c6ca8PMC PMC4176919

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Excess dietary sodium has been linked to the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. In humans, the effects of sodium consumption on endothelial function have not been separated from the effects on blood pressure. The present study was designed to determine if dietary sodium intake affected endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) independently of changes in blood pressure. METHOD: Fourteen healthy salt-resistant adults were studied (9M, 5F; age 33 ± 2.4 years) in a controlled feeding study. After a baseline run-in diet, participants were randomized to a 7-day high-sodium (300-350 mmol/day) and 7-day low-sodium (20 mmol/day) diet. Salt resistance, defined as a 5 mmHg or less change in a 24-h mean arterial pressure, was individually assessed while on the low-sodium and high-sodium diets and confirmed in the participants undergoing study (low-sodium: 85 ± 1 mmHg; high-sodium: 85 ± 2 mmHg). EDD was determined in each participant via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation on the last day of each diet. RESULTS: Sodium excretion increased during the high-sodium diet (P < 0.01). EDD was reduced on the high-sodium diet (low: 10.3 ± 0.9%, high: 7.3 ± 0.7%; P < 0.05). The high-sodium diet significantly suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma angiotensin II, and aldosterone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that excess salt intake in humans impairs endothelium-dependent dilation independently of changes in blood pressure.

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Authors: DuPont, J. J., Greaney, J. L., Wenner, M. M., Lennon-Edwards, S. L., Sanders, P. W., Farquhar, W. B., & Edwards, D. G.
Affiliations: University of Delaware (US)
Yale University (US)
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Corresponding author: Farquhar, William B.
Edwards, David G.
ORCID: DuPont, Jennifer J.
Greaney, Jody L.
Wenner, Megan M.
Sanders, Paul W.
Farquhar, William B.
Edwards, David G.
Venue: Journal of Hypertension
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2013-03
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Pages: 530-536
ISSN: 0263-6352 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835c6ca8
PMC: PMC4176919
OpenAlex: W2021280090
Semantic Scholar: bbdecf08cd20b612cdbc982191c34ea4917e928b
Cited by: 135
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 7.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL104106)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK046199, P30DK079337)
National Center for Research Resources (P20RR016472)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords: sodium intake, endothelium-dependent dilation, endothelial function, hypertension, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, sodium excretion, sodium restriction
MeSH terms: Adult, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Humans, Male, Sodium, Vasodilation

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High dietary sodium intake impairs endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy salt-resistant humans

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