Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 18

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Should We Lose Sleep Over Sleep Disturbances After Sports-Related Concussion? A Scoping Review of the Literature

Stevens, David J., Alghwiri, Alia, Appleton, Sarah L., Rogers, Jeffrey M., Plummer, Stephanie L., Grant, Catharina, Bickley, Kelsey, Alvaro, Pasquale K., Kennett, Stephen, Adams, Robert, Holtzhausen, Louis·2022·Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1097/htr.0000000000000701
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective: A single, severe traumatic brain injury can result in chronic sleep disturbances that can persist several years after the incident. In contrast, it is unclear whether there are sleep disturbances after a sports-related concussion (SRC). Considering growing evidence of links between sleep disturbance and neurodegeneration, this review examined the potential links between diagnosed SRCs and sleep disturbances to provide guidance for future studies. Methods: The scoping review undertook a systematic search of key online databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, and Web of Science) using predetermined search terms for any articles that examined sleep after concussion. A screening criterion using agreed inclusion and exclusion criteria was utilized to ensure inclusion of relevant articles. Design: This scoping review is guided by the PRSIMA Scoping Review report. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 896 adults who had experienced an SRC. Comparison with 1327 non-SRC adults occurred in 8 studies. Nine studies subjectively examined sleep, of which all but one study reported sleep disturbances after an SRC. Three studies objectively measured sleep, with 2 studies indicating large coefficients of variation of sleep duration, suggesting a range of sleep responses after an SRC. The only study to examine overnight polysomnography showed no differences in sleep metrics between those with and without an SRC. No studies examined interventions to improve sleep outcomes in people with concussion. Conclusions: This scoping review indicates preliminary evidence of sleep disturbances following an SRC. The heterogeneity of methodology used in the included studies makes consensus on the results difficult. Given the mediating role of sleep in neurodegenerative disorders, further research is needed to identify physiological correlates and pathological mechanisms of sleep disturbances in SRC-related neurodegeneration and whether interventions for sleep problems improve recovery from concussion and reduce the risk of SRC-related neurodegeneration.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/htr.0000000000000701

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 14 references

Research works printed but not linked: 58

  1. McCrory, 2013, What is the lowest threshold to make a diagnosis of concussion?, Br J Sports Med, 47, 268, 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092247 · DOI
  2. Daneshvar, 2011, The epidemiology of sport-related concussion, Clin Sports Med, 30, 1, 10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.006 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Ruhe, 2014, The incidence of concussion in professional and collegiate ice hockey: are we making progress? A systematic review of the literature, Br J Sports Med, 48, 102, 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091609 · DOI
  4. Casson, 2010, Twelve years of national football league concussion data, Sports Health, 2, 471, 10.1177/1941738110383963 · DOI
  5. Savage, 2013, The incidence of concussion in a professional Australian Rugby League team, 1998-2012, J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp), 2013, 304576
  6. Rafferty, 2019, On average, a professional rugby union player is more likely than not to sustain a concussion after 25 matches, Br J Sports Med, 53, 969, 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098417 · DOI
  7. Van Pelt, 2019, A cohort study to identify and evaluate concussion risk factors across multiple injury settings: findings from the CARE Consortium, Inj Epidemiol, 6, 1, 10.1186/s40621-018-0178-3 · DOI
  8. Asken, 2016, Playing Through It”: delayed reporting and removal from athletic activity after concussion predicts prolonged recovery, J Athl Train, 51, 329, 10.4085/1062-6050-51.5.02 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Meaney, 2011, Biomechanics of concussion, Clin Sports Med, 30, 19–31, vii, 10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.009 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Dettwiler, 2014, Persistent differences in patterns of brain activation after sports-related concussion: a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study, J Neurotrauma, 31, 180, 10.1089/neu.2013.2983 · DOI
  11. Harmon, 2019, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement on concussion in sport, Br J Sports Med, 53, 213, 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100338 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Choe, 2015, Diagnosis and management of acute concussion, Semin Neurol, 35, 29, 10.1055/s-0035-1544243 · DOI
  13. Gavett, 2011, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a potential late effect of sport-related concussive and subconcussive head trauma, Clin Sports Med, 30, 179–188, xi, 10.1016/j.csm.2010.09.007 · DOI · Paper page
  14. McKee, 2013, The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Brain, 136, 43, 10.1093/brain/aws307 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Stein, 2015, Beta-amyloid deposition in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Acta Neuropathol, 130, 21, 10.1007/s00401-015-1435-y · DOI · Paper page
  16. Carson, 2017, Concussion, dementia and CTE: are we getting it very wrong?, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 88, 462, 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315510 · DOI
  17. Holtzman, 2015, Effects of disrupted sleep on abeta and tau pathology and effects of abeta and tau pathology on sleep: a vicious cycle?, Alzheimers Dement, 11, P165
  18. Ju, 2017, Slow wave sleep disruption increases cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β levels, Brain, 140, 2104, 10.1093/brain/awx148 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Abbott, 2016, Chronic sleep disturbance and neural injury: links to neurodegenerative disease, Nat Sci Sleep, 8, 55
  20. Shamim, 2019, Insomnia: risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, Cureus, 11, e6004
  21. Owen, 2020, Impact of sleep disturbances on neurodegeneration: insight from studies in animal models, Neurobiol Dis, 139, 104820, 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104820 · DOI
  22. Lajoie, 2020, Obstructive sleep apnea in neurodegenerative disorders: current evidence in support of benefit from sleep apnea treatment, J Clin Med, 9, 297, 10.3390/jcm9020297 · DOI
  23. Zuzuárregui, 2018, A review of sleep disturbances following traumatic brain injury, Sleep Sci Pract, 2, 2, 10.1186/s41606-018-0020-4 · DOI
  24. Gioia, 2008, Improving identification and diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury with evidence: psychometric support for the acute concussion evaluation, J Head Trauma Rehabil, 23, 230, 10.1097/01.HTR.0000327255.38881.ca · DOI
  25. Marshall, 2012, Clinical practice guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury and persistent symptoms, Can Fam Physician, 58, 257–267, e128–e140
  26. Levac, 2010, Scoping studies: advancing the methodology, Implement Sci, 5, 69, 10.1186/1748-5908-5-69 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Colquhoun, 2014, Scoping reviews: time for clarity in definition, methods, and reporting, J Clin Epidemiol, 67, 1291, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Kuula, 2019, Using big data to explore worldwide trends in objective sleep in the transition to adulthood, Sleep Med, 62, 69, 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.024 · DOI
  29. Vela-Bueno, 2009, Sleep patterns in the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, Sleep Med Clin, 4, 77, 10.1016/j.jsmc.2008.12.003 · DOI
  30. Buysse, 1989, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research, Psychiatry Res, 28, 193, 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Marino, 2013, Measuring sleep: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wrist actigraphy compared to polysomnography, Sleep, 36, 1747, 10.5665/sleep.3142 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Blake, 2019, Concussion history influences sleep disturbances, symptoms, and quality of life in collegiate student-athletes, Sleep Health, 5, 72, 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.10.011 · DOI
  33. Churchill, 2017, Symptom correlates of cerebral blood flow following acute concussion, Neuroimage Clin, 16, 234, 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.07.019 · DOI
  34. Gosselin, 2009, Sleep following sport-related concussions, Sleep Med, 10, 35, 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.11.023 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Gouttebarge, 2017, A history of concussions is associated with symptoms of common mental disorders in former male professional athletes across a range of sports, Phys Sportsmed, 45, 443, 10.1080/00913847.2017.1376572 · DOI
  36. Hoffman, 2020, Influence of postconcussion sleep duration on concussion recovery in collegiate athletes, Clin J Sport Med, 30, S29, 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000538 · DOI
  37. Hoffman, 2019, Differences in sleep between concussed and nonconcussed college students: a matched case-control study, Sleep, 42, 10.1093/sleep/zsy222 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Raikes, 2016, Sleep quantity and quality during acute concussion: a pilot study, Sleep, 39, 2141, 10.5665/sleep.6314 · DOI
  39. Vagnozzi, 2008, Temporal window of metabolic brain vulnerability to concussion: a pilot 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed athletes—part III, Neurosurgery, 62, 1286–1295; discussion 1295–1296
  40. Broglio, 2017, A national study on the effects of concussion in collegiate athletes and US Military Service Academy members: the NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium structure and methods, Sports Med, 47, 1437, 10.1007/s40279-017-0707-1 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Carney, 2014, Concussion guidelines step 1: systematic review of prevalent indicators, Neurosurgery, 75, S3, 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000433 · DOI
  42. Holm, 2005, Summary of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, J Rehabil Med, 37, 137, 10.1080/16501970510027321 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Hossain, 2005, Subjective fatigue and subjective sleepiness: two independent consequences of sleep disorders?, J Sleep Res, 14, 245, 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00466.x · DOI
  44. Parcell, 2008, Poor sleep quality and changes in objectively recorded sleep after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 89, 843, 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.057 · DOI
  45. Wiseman-Hakes, 2016, Sleep in the acute phase of severe traumatic brain injury: a snapshot of polysomnography, Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 30, 713, 10.1177/1545968315619697 · DOI
  46. Lee, 1991, Validity and reliability of a scale to assess fatigue, Psychiatry Res, 36, 291, 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90027-M · DOI · Paper page
  47. Makley, 2020, Optimized Sleep After Brain Injury (OSABI): a pilot study of a sleep hygiene intervention for individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 34, 111, 10.1177/1545968319895478 · DOI
  48. Morawska, 2016, Sleep modulation alleviates axonal damage and cognitive decline after rodent traumatic brain injury, J Neurosci, 36, 3422, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3274-15.2016 · DOI
  49. Juliff, 2015, Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions, J Sci Med Sport, 18, 13, 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.007 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Ekhtiari, 2020, Opioid use in athletes: a systematic review, Sports Health, 12, 534, 10.1177/1941738120933542 · doi:10.1177/1941738120933542
  51. Raikes, 2019, Insomnia and daytime sleepiness: risk factors for sports-related concussion, Sleep Med, 58, 66, 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.008 · DOI
  52. Liguori, 2017, Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with early but possibly modifiable Alzheimer's disease biomarkers changes, Sleep, 40
  53. Terrell, 2018, Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study, Br J Sports Med, 52, 192, 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097419 · DOI
  54. Vasilevskaya, 2020, Interaction of APOE4 alleles and PET tau imaging in former contact sport athletes, Neuroimage Clin, 26, 102212, 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102212 · DOI
  55. Baugh, 2012, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: neurodegeneration following repetitive concussive and subconcussive brain trauma, Brain Imaging Behav, 6, 244, 10.1007/s11682-012-9164-5 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Wang, 2012, The role of PGC-1 and Apoɛ4 in insomnia, Psychiatr Genet, 22, 82, 10.1097/YPG.0b013e32834dc438 · DOI
  57. Gottlieb, 2004, APOE epsilon4 is associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea: the Sleep Heart Health Study, Neurology, 63, 664, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000134671.99649.32 · DOI
  58. Drogos, 2016, Evidence of association between sleep quality and APOE ɛ4 in healthy older adults: a pilot study, Neurology, 87, 1836, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003255 · DOI

Cited by

See all 18

Metadata

Authors
Stevens, D. J., Alghwiri, A., Appleton, S. L., Rogers, J. M., Plummer, S. L., Grant, C., Bickley, K., Alvaro, P. K., Kennett, S., Adams, R., & Holtzhausen, L.
Venue
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2021-06-15
Volume
37
Issue
3
Pages
E206-E219
ISSN
0885-9701
DOI
10.1097/htr.0000000000000701
Cited by
18
References
14
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Should We Lose Sleep Over Sleep Disturbances After Sports-Related Concussion? A Scoping Review of the Literature. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/htr.0000000000000701
The paper
Stevens, D. J., Alghwiri, A., Appleton, S. L., Rogers, J. M., Plummer, S. L., Grant, C., Bickley, K., Alvaro, P. K., Kennett, S., Adams, R., & Holtzhausen, L. (2022). Should We Lose Sleep Over Sleep Disturbances After Sports-Related Concussion? A Scoping Review of the Literature. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1097/htr.0000000000000701

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.