Invasive Bacterial Infections in Neonates and Young Infants Born Outside Hospital Admitted to a Rural Hospital in Kenya
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Bacterial sepsis is thought to be a major cause of young infant deaths in low-income countries, but there are few precise estimates of its burden or causes. We studied invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in young infants, born at home or in first-level health units ("outborn") who were admitted to a Kenyan rural district hospital during an 8-year period. METHODS: Clinical and microbiologic data, from admission blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid cultures on all outborn infants aged less than 60 days admitted from 2001 to 2009, were examined to determine etiology of IBI and antimicrobial susceptibilities. RESULTS: Of the 4467 outborn young infants admitted, 748 (17%) died. Five hundred five (11%) had IBI (10% bacteremia and 3% bacterial meningitis), with a case fatality of 33%. The commonest organisms were Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group B Streptococcus, Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Group A Streptococcus. Notably, some blood culture isolates were seen in outborn neonates in the first week of life but not in inborns: Salmonella, Aeromonas, and Vibrio spp. Eighty-one percent of isolates were susceptible to penicillin and/or gentamicin and 84% to ampicillin and/or gentamicin. There was a trend to increasing in vitro antimicrobial resistance to these combinations from 2008 but without a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: IBI is common in outborn young infants admitted to rural African hospitals with a high mortality. Presumptive antimicrobial use is justified for all young infants admitted to the hospital.
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Coagulase negative staphylococci, diphtheroids and Bacillus species were considered contaminants.
“Coagulase negative staphylococci, diphtheroids and Bacillus species were considered contaminants [27].”
From A three year descriptive study of early onset neonatal sepsis in a refugee population on the Thailand Myanmar border (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Talbert, A. W. A., Mwaniki, M., Mwarumba, S., Newton, C. R. J. C., & Berkley, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KE)
- Churchill Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Talbert, Alison W. A.
- Mwaniki, Michael
- Mwarumba, Salim
- Newton, Charles R. J. C.
- Berkley, James A.
- Venue
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 945-949
- ISSN
- 0891-3668 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3405819
- OpenAlex
- W2004987876
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (077092)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- invasive bacterial infection, neonatal sepsis, young infants, outborn infants, home birth, rural hospitals, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Vibrio, infant mortality, Kenya
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Kenya, Male, Meningitis, Bacterial, Sepsis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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