Cited by 461Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationDelphi Technique in ResearchMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 108 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain

Open access

Chiarotto, Alessandro, Boers, Maarten, Deyo, Richard A., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Corbin, Terry P., Costa, Leonardo O.P., Foster, Nadine E., Grotle, Margreth, Koes, Bart W., Kovacs, Francisco M., Lin, C.-W. Christine, Maher, Chris G., Pearson, Adam M., Peul, Wilco C., Schoene, Mark L., Turk, Dennis C., van Tulder, Maurits W., Terwee, Caroline B., Ostelo, Raymond W.·2018·Pain

DOI 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001117PMC PMC5828378

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

To standardize outcome reporting in clinical trials of patients with nonspecific low back pain, an international multidisciplinary panel recommended physical functioning, pain intensity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as core outcome domains. Given the lack of a consensus on measurement instruments for these 3 domains in patients with low back pain, this study aimed to generate such consensus. The measurement properties of 17 patient-reported outcome measures for physical functioning, 3 for pain intensity, and 5 for HRQoL were appraised in 3 systematic reviews following the COSMIN methodology. Researchers, clinicians, and patients (n = 207) were invited in a 2-round Delphi survey to generate consensus (≥67% agreement among participants) on which instruments to endorse. Response rates were 44% and 41%, respectively. In round 1, consensus was achieved on the Oswestry Disability Index version 2.1a for physical functioning (78% agreement) and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain intensity (75% agreement). No consensus was achieved on any HRQoL instrument, although the Short Form 12 (SF12) approached the consensus threshold (64% agreement). In round 2, a consensus was reached on an NRS version with a 1-week recall period (96% agreement). Various participants requested 1 free-to-use instrument per domain. Considering all issues together, recommendations on core instruments were formulated: Oswestry Disability Index version 2.1a or 24-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for physical functioning, NRS for pain intensity, and SF12 or 10-item PROMIS Global Health form for HRQoL. Further studies need to fill the evidence gaps on the measurement properties of these and other instruments.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001117

Cites

108 of 108 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figure 1. Flowchart of participants in the Delphi study on core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain (LBP).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 2. Delphi endorsement of 9 physical functioning tools as core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain (round 1).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 3. Delphi endorsement of 3 pain intensity tools as core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain (round 1).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 4. Delphi endorsement of 4 health-related tools as core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain (round 1 and round 2).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Untitled work
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033
A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of Scales and Preliminary Tests of Reliability and Validity
WARE, J. E., KOSINSKI, M., & KELLER, S. D. (1996) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 · Cited by 17,392
EuroQol: a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life
(1990) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9 · Cited by 15,736
Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)
Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., Bonsel, G., & Badia, X. (2011) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x · Cited by 9,795
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Vos, T., Allen, C., Arora, M., Barber, R. M., Bhutta, Z. A., Brown, A., Carter, A., Casey, D. C., Charlson, F. J., Chen, A. Z., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31678-6 · Cited by 7,253
Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique
Hasson, F. (2000) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01567.x · Cited by 5,951
EuroQol: the current state of play
Brooks, R. (1996) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/0168-8510(96)00822-6 · Cited by 5,815
Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory.
Cs, C., & Km, R. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 5,178
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005–2008
Cella, D., Riley, W., Stone, A., Rothrock, N., Reeve, B., Yount, S., Amtmann, D., Bode, R., Buysse, D., Choi, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011 · Cited by 5,128

Show all 109 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Mokkink, 2017, COSMIN checklist 2.0 for assessing the methodological quality of studies on the measurement properties of Paitent-Reported Outcome Measures, Qual Life Res

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 460

Association between patient independence in performing an exercise program and adherence to home exercise program in people with chronic low back pain
Azevedo, D. C., Ferreira, P. H., Santos, H. D. O., Oliveira, D. R., de Souza, J. V. L., & Costa, L. O. P. (2020) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102285 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Clinical Assessment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain—A Framework Proposal Based on a Narrative Review of the Literature
Nogueira, H. C., Zanca, G. G., & Haik, M. N. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13010062 · Cited by 7
Reliability of a Wearable Motion System for Clinical Evaluation of Dynamic Lumbar Spine Function
Marras, W. S. (2022) · Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.31031/acam.2022.07.000660 · Cited by 7
Antidepressants for low back pain and spine-related leg pain
Ferraro, M. C., Urquhart, D. M., Ferreira, G. E., Wewege, M. A., Shaheed, C. A., Traeger, A. C., Hoving, J. L., Visser, E., McAuley, J. H., & Cashin, A. G. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001703.pub4 · Cited by 10
Comparative effectiveness and prognostic factors for outcome of surgical and non-surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis in an elderly population: protocol for an observational study
Brøgger, H. A., Maribo, T., Christensen, R., & Schiøttz‐Christensen, B. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024949 · Cited by 7
Inferential reproduction analysis demonstrated that “paracetamol for acute low back pain” trial conclusions were reproducible
Schreijenberg, M., Chiarotto, A., Mauff, K. A. L., Lin, C. C., Maher, C. G., & Koes, B. W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.01.010 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
It is Time to Change Our Mindset and Perform More High-quality Research in Low Back Pain
Pourahmadi, M., Koes, B. W., Nazemipour, M., & Mansournia, M. A. (2020) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000003712 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Association Between Levels of Functional Disability and Health-Related Quality of Life With Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain
Taylor, R. S., Soliday, N., Leitner, A., Hunter, C., Staats, P. S., Li, S., Thomson, S., Kallewaard, J. W., Russo, M. A., & Duarte, R. V. (2022) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2022.04.039 · Cited by 7
The one-year clinical course of back-related disability and the prognostic value of comorbidity among older adults with back pain in primary care
Vigdal, Ø. N., Storheim, K., Killingmo, R. M., Småstuen, M. C., & Grotle, M. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002779 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
A novel physical functioning test to complement subjective questionnaires in chronic low back pain assessments
Sutanto, D., Yang, Y., & Wong, S. H. (2022) · The Spine Journal · doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2022.12.008 · Cited by 7
Mapping Oswestry Disability Index Responses to EQ-5D-3L Utility Values: Are Cost-Utility Results Valid?
Ben, Â. J., Pellekooren, S., Bosmans, J. E., Ostelo, R., Maas, E. T., Alili, M. E., van Tulder, M. W., Huygen, F. J. P. M., Oosterhuis, T., Apeldoorn, A. T., et al. (2023) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2023.01.020 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Is it time to rethink disability assessment in low back pain? Reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Brazilian WHODAS 2.0 for chronic low back pain
Silva, T. F. C. E., Medeiros, P. M. D. S. S., Leite, C. F., Castro, S. S., Nunes, A. C. L., & de Jesus‐Moraleida, F. R. (2023) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.2025 · Cited by 7
Trajectories of Adherence to Home-Based Exercise Recommendations Among People With Low Back Pain: A Longitudinal Analysis
Arensman, R. M., Heymans, M. W., Kloek, C. J. J., Ostelo, R., Veenhof, C., Koppenaal, T., & Pisters, M. F. (2023) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad091 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Moving beyond pain intensity as the primary outcome measure: the INTEGRATE pain framework and beyond
Bova, G., Paepe, A. L. D., Nicholson, K. M., Wandner, L. D., & Pogatzki-Zahn, E. M. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003714 · Cited by 6
Assessment properties of the Visual Analogue scale, Numeric Rating Scale, Face Pain Scale, and Pain Intensity Subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory in Albanian population with low back pain
Todri, J., Gjini, E., & Lena, O. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2601406 · Cited by 6
BackMov: Individualized Motion Capture-Based Test to Assess Low Back Pain Mobility Recovery after Treatment
Villalba-Meneses, F., Guevara, C., Velásquez-López, P. A., Arias-Serrano, I., Guerrero-Ligña, S. A., Valencia-Cevallos, C., Almeida-Galárraga, D. A., Cadena-Morejón, C., Marín, J., & Marín-Zurdo, J. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24030913 · Cited by 6
Research hotspots and frontiers in non-specific low back pain: a bibliometric analysis
Mao, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, S., Wu, D., Huang, G., Li, Z., Jiao, L., & Chi, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1464048 · Cited by 7
The Lancet Low Back pain series: A call to action for osteopathy?
Fitzgerald, K., Vaughan, B., Austin, P., Grace, S., Orchard, D., Orrock, P. J., & Fleischmann, M. (2018) · International journal of osteopathic medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ijosm.2018.04.003 · Cited by 6
Pain Measurement in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Where To Go from Here? Report from a Special Interest Group at OMERACT 2018
Chiarotto, A., Kaiser, U., Choy, E., Christensen, R., Conaghan, P. G., Cowern, M., Gill, M., de Wit, M. P. T., Gargon, E., Horgan, B., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.181099 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
A classification-based approach to low back pain in primary care – protocol for a benchmarking controlled trial
Simula, A. S., Malmivaara, A. V., Booth, N., & Karppinen, J. I. (2020) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-020-01135-8 · Cited by 6
Doctors of chiropractic working with or within integrated healthcare delivery systems: a scoping review protocol
Roseen, E. J., Kasali, B. A., Corcoran, K. L., Masselli, K., Laird, L. D., Saper, R. B., Alford, D. P., Cohen, E. M., Lisi, A. J., Atlas, S. J., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043754 · Cited by 6
Findings from the development and implementation of a novel course consisting of both group and individual Alexander Technique lessons for low back pain
Little, J., Geraghty, A. W. A., Nicholls, C., & Little, P. S. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039399 · Cited by 6
Development of the Young Disability Questionnaire (spine) for children with spinal pain: field testing in Danish school children
Lauridsen, H. H., Meldgaard, E., Hestbæk, L., & Hansen, G. K. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064382 · Cited by 6
Towards data-driven biopsychosocial classification of non-specific chronic low back pain: a pilot study
Tagliaferri, S. D., Owen, P. J., Miller, C. T., Angelova, M. N., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Wilkin, T., Massé‐Alarie, H., Oosterwijck, J. V., Trudel, G., Connell, D., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40245-y · Cited by 8
The Swedish version of the Lumbar Spine Instability Questionnaire: A clinimetric study of validity and reliability
Krantz, R., & Rasmussen-Barr, E. (2021) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2021.1999353 · Cited by 6
Difference in movement coordination and variability during Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand between people with and without Chronic Low back pain
Sutanto, D., Ho, C. Y., Wong, S. H., Pranata, A., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112531 · Cited by 5
Physical Performance Continues To Improve After Surgery For Sciatica, Exceeding Recovery Periods Of Physical Capacity And Patient-reported Outcomes (Multicenter Prospective Observational Study)
Ziga, M., Bättig, L., Gmeiner, R., Yurtsever, E., Stienen, M. N., Netuka, D., Schneider, U. C., Maldaner, N., & Petr, O. (2026) · Brain and Spine · doi:10.1016/j.bas.2026.106207 · Cited by 5
Efficacy of a Psychologically-Informed Physiotherapy Intervention in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain at High Risk of Poor Prognosis: A Pilot and Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Desgagnés, A., Côté‐Picard, C., Gaumond, A., Langevin, P., Piché, M., Pagé, M. G., Pinard, A.-M., Tousignant‐Laflamme, Y., & Massé‐Alarie, H. (2024) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc-2023-0038 · Cited by 5
Clinimetrics: A core outcome measurement set for low back pain
Chiarotto, A., & Ostelo, R. (2019) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2019.07.011 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Evaluation Instruments for Assessing Back Pain in Athletes: A Systematic Review Protocol
Azevedo, V. D., Silva, R. M. F., Borges, S. C. D. C., Fernandes, M. D. S. V., Miñana-Signes, V., Monfort-Pañego, M., Noll, P. R. E. S., & Noll, M. A. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8040574 · Cited by 5
Telemedical Interdisciplinary Care Team Evaluation and Treatment of People With Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study
Woznica, D., Milligan, M., Krymis, H., Peters, K. C., O’Connor, M. I., & Grant, R. A. (2023) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100269 · Cited by 5
Baduanjin exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain: protocol for a series of N-of-1 trials
Zhai, J., Liu, A. F., Yu, W., & Guo, T. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070703 · Cited by 5
Minimal important difference of the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 in persons with chronic low back pain
Wong, J. J., Hogg‐Johnson, S., GROOTE, W. D., Ćwirlej-Sozańska, A. B., Garín, O., Ferrer, M., Acuña, À. P., & Côté, P. (2023) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-023-00521-0 · Cited by 5
Economic Evaluation of Videoconference Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Behavioral Activation Therapy for Depression Versus Usual Care Among Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain Plus Comorbid Depressive Symptoms
Sanabria‐Mazo, J. P., D’Amico, F., Cardeñosa, E., Ferrer, M., Edo, S., Borràs, X., McCracken, L. M., Feliu‐Soler, A., Sanz, A., & Luciano, J. V. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.337 · Cited by 8
Telerehabilitation for acute, subacute and chronic low back pain
Almeida, L., Costa, L. O. P., Maher, C. G., Yamato, T. P., Fandim, J. V., Dear, B. F., Traeger, A. C., Kamper, S. J., & Saragiotto, B. T. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013704 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Co-producing a multi-stakeholder Core Outcome Set for distal Tibia and Ankle fractures (COSTA): a study protocol
Pearson, N. A., Tutton, E., Joeris, A., Gwilym, S. E., Grant, R., Keene, D. J., & Haywood, K. L. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05415-1 · Cited by 5
Medical cannabis for chronic pain
Kröger, E., & Dionne, C. E. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n1942 · Cited by 6
FDA-Regulated Clinical Trials vs. Real-World Data: How to Bridge the Gap in Pain Research
Reyes, A., Malik, M., Sahouri, M., & Knežević, N. N. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15101119 · Cited by 4
Pain beliefs, treatment expectations, and treatment experiences in spinal pain – a scoping review of qualitative studies
Wirth, B., Zwahlen, J., & Schweinhardt, P. (2025) · Pain Management · doi:10.1080/17581869.2025.2589056 · Cited by 4
Aquatic therapy compared to standard care for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Vaillancourt, N., Montpetit, C., Rosenstein, B., & Fortin, M. (2026) · Pain Management · doi:10.1080/17581869.2026.2613633 · Cited by 5
Construct validity of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: a factor analytic and Rasch study
Franchignoni, F. P., Giordano, A., & Monticone, M. (2021) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06502-3 · Cited by 4
Association of low back pain and sleep quality with presenteeism
Tezuka, M., Oka, T., Nakatsuka, K., Saeki, K., & Ono, R. (2022) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqac126 · Cited by 4
The Efficacy of Hypnotic Analgesic Suggestions in Chronic Nociplastic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Kaczmarska, A. D., Mielimąka, M., & Rutkowski, K. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2023.2226169 · Cited by 4
Prevalence of weakness and factors mediating discrepancy between reported and observed leg weakness in people with sciatica
Dove, L., Baskozos, G., Kelly, T., Buchanan, E., & Schmid, A. B. (2024) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-024-08330-6 · Cited by 4
Graded activity for acute and subacute low back pain
de Oliveira, L. A., Gross, A., Hayden, J. A., Carlesso, L. C., Hanna, S., Bakaa, N., Silva, D. A. S., & Macedo, L. G. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015509 · Cited by 4
Predicting recovery after lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: A protocol for a historical cohort study using data from the Canadian Spine Outcomes Research Network (CSORN)
Rowe, E., Hassan, E. A., Carlesso, L. C., Wilson, J. L. A., Gross, D. P., Fisher, C. G., Hall, H., Manson, N. A., Thomas, K. C., McIntosh, G., et al. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2020.1734918 · Cited by 4
Identifying prognostic factors to determine the level of recovery in servicemembers with chronic low back pain: A prospective cohort study
Mourits, B. M. P., Meulekamp, M. Z., van der Wurff, P., & Lucas, C. (2021) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-200123 · Cited by 4
The influence of pain, kinesiophobia and psychological comorbidities on the accuracy of rating of perceived exertion in UK military spinal rehabilitation
Conway, D., Bliss, A., & Patterson, S. D. (2021) · BMJ Military Health · doi:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001797 · Cited by 4
Does pain medication influence outcomes in elderly people seeking care for back pain? BACE cohort study
Zhu, Z., Chiarotto, A., Enthoven, W. T. M., Bierma‐Zeinstra, S., & Koes, B. W. (2023) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2084 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Management of low back pain by primary care physiotherapists using the pain and disability drivers management model: An improver analysis
Longtin, C., Lacasse, A., Cook, C. E., Tousignant, M., & Tousignant‐Laflamme, Y. (2023) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1742 · Cited by 4
Exploration of the Golf-Specific Low Back Pain Questionnaire
Skibski, A., Goetschius, J., & Mangum, L. C. (2023) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000001160 · Cited by 4
VULNERABILITY FACTORS, ADJUSTMENT, AND OPIOID MISUSE IN CHRONIC NON-CANCER PAIN INDIVIDUALS.
Ramírez-Maestre, C., Barrado-Moreno, V., Esteve, R., Serrano-Ibáñez, E., de la Vega, R., Ruíz-Párraga, G., Fernández-Baena, M., Jensen, M. P., & López-Martínez, A. E. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104606 · Cited by 3
Task-Specific Sensitivity in Physical Function Testing Predicts Outcome in Patients With Low Back Pain
Trolle, N., Maribo, T., Jensen, L. D., & Christiansen, D. H. (2019) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.8953 · Cited by 4
OASIS—a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of oral glucocorticoids for leg pain in patients with acute sciatica: trial protocol
Liu, C., Shaheed, C. A., McLachlan, A. J., Latimer, J., Li, Q., Buchbinder, R., Day, R. O., Maher, C. G., Richards, B. L., Oliveira, J. S., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040559 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Photobiomodulation therapy for chronic low back pain: time to move on
Maher, C. G. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002190 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Baseline Functional Connectivity of the Mesolimbic, Salience, and Sensorimotor Systems Predicts Responses to Psychological Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain With Comorbid Depression: A Functional MRI Study
Medina, S., Forero, C. G., Sanabria‐Mazo, J. P., Rodríguez‐Freire, C., Navarrete, J., O'Daly, O. G., Howard, M. A., & Luciano, J. V. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70380 · Cited by 3
“Thesewerecollectedatbaselineandfollow-uptoassesstreatment outcomes. a. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (Chiarotto et al. 2018): Participants rated their average back pain intensity over the past week from 0 (“no pain”) to 100 (“worst pain imaginable”). b. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)…”
Characterization of microenvironmental changes in the intervertebral discs of patients with chronic low back pain using multiparametric MRI contrasts extracted from Z-spectrum
Li, L., Zhou, Z., Xiong, W., Fang, J., Scotti, A., Shaghaghi, M., Zhu, W., & Cai, K. (2021) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-021-06733-3 · Cited by 3
Effectiveness of mobile apps in the rehabilitation of patients with low back pain. A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Ferrero, A., Lambert, G., Caretto, F., Trucco, M., Piano, L., & Chiarotto, A. (2025) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.08.023 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Testing the activity pacing questionnaire for validity, reliability and responsiveness: An outcome measure validation study
Antcliff, D., McCray, G., Mackenzie, R. C. F., Marriott-Smith, J., Cawley, K., & Holden, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105568 · Cited by 3
Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain
Chacko, N., Gross, A. R., Miller, J., Santaguida, P. L., Burnie, S. J., Gelley, G. M., Paquin, J.-P., Duranai, M.-R., Langevin, P., Chopra-Tandon, N., et al. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011225.pub2 · Cited by 3
Measurement properties of six expectation scales for chronic low back pain in Brazilian Portuguese: Not all expectations are the same
Azevedo, B. O., de Lira, M. R., Nogueira, H. C., Berg, R., Pagé, M. G., Younger, J., Silva, G. Z. M., & Chaves, T. C. (2025) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103471 · Cited by 3
A mixed-methods feasibility study of a comorbidity-adapted exercise program for low back pain in older adults (COMEBACK): a protocol
de Luca, K. E., Yanz, M., Downie, A., Kendall, J. C., Skou, S. T., Hartvigsen, J., French, S. D., Ferreira, M. L., & Bierma‐Zeinstra, S. (2022) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01097-x · Cited by 3
Presurgical rehabilitation program for patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial protocol
Bakaa, N., Gross, D. P., Carlesso, L. C., MacDermid, J. C., Thomas, K. C., Slomp, F., Rushton, A., Miciak, M., Smeets, R., Rampersaud, R. Y., et al. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2022.2137009 · Cited by 4
Talking in primary care (TIP): protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial in UK primary care to assess clinical and cost-effectiveness of communication skills e-learning for practitioners on patients’ musculoskeletal pain and enablement
Bishop, F. L., Cross, N., Dewar-Haggart, R., Teasdale, E. J., Herbert, A., Robinson, M., Ridd, M. J., Mallen, C. D., Clarson, L. E., Bostock, J., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081932 · Cited by 3
Systematic reviews and quality assessment of patient‐reported outcome measures for physical function in comparative effectiveness studies regarding acute postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty—Do we need to start all over again?
Heitkamp, H., Heußner, D., Rosenberger, D. C., Schnabel, K., Rosenthal, D. I., Bigalke, S., Maeßen, T. V., Hohenschurz‐Schmidt, D., Liedgens, H., Kaiser, U., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2272 · Cited by 4
How is recovery defined and measured in patients with low back pain? A mixed study systematic review
Lukacs, M. J., Peters, N., Minetama, M., Kowalski, K. L., Stanley, M., Jayaprakash, K., Walton, D. M., & Rushton, A. B. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07892-2 · Cited by 3
Evidence gaps in conservative non-pharmacological interventions and guideline implementation for high-burden non-communicable diseases: protocol for an overview of reviews
Döding, R., Braun, T., Ehrenbrusthoff, K., Elsner, B., Kopkow, C., Lange, T., Lüdtke, K., Jung, A., Miller, C. T., Owen, P. J., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002032 · Cited by 3
Collision avoidance behaviours in chronic non-specific low back pain participants: A prospective cohort study
Bilhaut, A., Ménard, M., Roze, O., Ozan, S., Crolan, R., Carson-Jouzel, P., Crétual, A., & Olivier, A. (2025) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2025.103335 · Cited by 3
Harmonized outcome measures for use in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patient registries and clinical practice
Harbaugh, R. E., Devin, C. J., Leavy, M. B., Ghogawala, Z., Archer, K. R., Bydon, M., Goertz, C., Dinstein, D., Nerenz, D. R., Eakin, G. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neurosurgery Spine · doi:10.3171/2020.9.spine20437 · Cited by 3
Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain
Traeger, A. C., Gilbert, S. E., Moeschler, S. M., Harris, I. A., & Maher, C. G. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014789 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Implementing BetterBack – a Best Practice Physiotherapy Healthcare Model for Low Back Pain : Clinician and Patient Evaluation
Schröder, K. (2021) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-179586 · Cited by 3
Spinal Manipulation vs Prescription Drug Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: Beliefs, Satisfaction With Care, and Qualify of Life Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries
Kizhakkeveettil, A., Bezdjian, S., Hurwitz, E. L., Toler, A., Rossi, D., Uptmor, S., Sagester, K., Bangash, M., MacKenzie, T. A., Lurie, J. D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2021.12.007 · Cited by 3
Characteristics of interprofessional rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic low back pain evaluated in the literature: a scoping review protocol
Wami, S. D., Fasika, S., Donnelly, C. A., Gelaye, K. A., Pullattayil, A. K., & Miller, J. (2023) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-023-02275-5 · Cited by 3
Effectiveness of m-health-based core strengthening exercise and health education for public safety workers with chronic non-specific low back pain: study protocol for a superiority randomized controlled trial (SAFEBACK)
Marins, E. F., Caputo, E. L., Krüger, V. L., Dirceu, M., Scaglioni, F., Vecchio, F. B. D., Primo, T. T., & Alberton, C. L. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07833-9 · Cited by 6
Evaluating the efficacy of wearable biofeedback on the outcomes of exercise interventions in people with chronic non-specific spinal pain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Deane, J. A., Arvanitidis, M., Briggs, M., Falla, D., & Johnson, M. I. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085206 · Cited by 3
Identical movement control exercises with and without synchronized breathing for chronic non-specific low back pain:A randomized pilot trial
Mikkonen, J., Luomajoki, H. A., Airaksinen, O., Goubert, L., Pratscher, S. D., & Leinonen, V. (2024) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-230413 · Cited by 3
Baseline characteristics did not identify people with low back pain who respond best to a Movement System Impairment-Based classification treatment
Azevedo, D. C., Ferreira, P. H., Santos, H. D. O., Oliveira, D. R., de Souza, J. V. L., & Costa, L. O. P. (2019) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.05.006 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Exploring Why People with Back Pain Use the Pain Management Strategies They Do: Is Research Looking in the Wrong Places?
Setchell, J., Costa, N., Abrosimoff, M., & Hodges, P. W. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab246 · Cited by 3
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the patient-specific functional scale in patients with low back pain
Kafa, N., Kanık, Z. H., Karabıçak, G. Ö., Çobanoğlu, M., & Aracı, A. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2071784 · Cited by 3
Predictors of Pain and Disability Outcomes Following Spinal Surgery for Chronic Low Back and Radicular Pain: A Systematic Review
Halicka, M., Duarte, R. V., Catherall, S., Maden, M., Coetsee, M., Wilby, M. J., & Brown, C. A. (2022) · Topics in Pain Management · doi:10.1097/01.tpm.0000852484.17395.03 · Cited by 3
Psychological assessment of persons with chronic pain
Jamison, R. N., & Craig, K. D. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119701170.ch11 · Cited by 3
Precision of trunk movement in people with chronic low back pain
Wildenbeest, M. H., Prins, M. R., Vos, L. A., Kiers, H., Tuijt, M., & van Dieën, J. H. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2024.103165 · Cited by 2
Comparisons of the effects of psychologically-informed and usual physiotherapy on pain sensitivity in chronic low back pain: an exploratory randomized controlled trial
Massé‐Alarie, H., Desgagnés, A., Côté‐Picard, C., Liberty, O., Langevin, P., Piché, M., & Tousignant‐Laflamme, Y. (2025) · Archives of Physiotherapy · doi:10.33393/aop.2025.3323 · Cited by 2
People Strongly Value Physical Therapies for Low Back Pain Over Doing Nothing, Even When Effects Are Very Small: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Longtin, C., Salisbury, A., Maher, C. G., Sharma, S., Nickel, B., Lung, T. W.-C., Ferreira, G. E., Shaheed, C. A., Furmage, A., Tousignant‐Laflamme, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.13409 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Reliable outcome parameters in patients with lumbar radiculopathy attributed to disc herniation: an observational study
Bianchi, G., Zweifel, C., Hohenauer, E., Santos, J. A., & Clijsen, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.3389/fmscd.2025.1672539 · Cited by 2
Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Low Back Pain Core Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review
Bakaa, N., Babakhamseh, A., Chan, N., de Vera, M., Finnigan, J., Ramdelall, R., Tang, B., Goodman, L., de Oliveira, L. A., do Nascimento, P. C., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70152 · Cited by 2
Effect Modifiers of Graded Sensorimotor Retraining for Chronic Low Back Pain
Venter, M., McAuley, J. H., Hansford, H. J., Ryan, M. L., Bagg, M. K., Wand, B. M., & Cashin, A. G. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.52787 · Cited by 2
Assessing the impact of manual therapy in the management of nonspecific low back pain: a scoping review of the outcomes used in clinical trials
Brier, M., Phalip, J., Delorme, B., Schwendenmann, Y., Salmon, M., Bicout, D., Rolland, C., & Nizard, J. (2026) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05288-4 · Cited by 2
A meta-model of low back pain to examine collective expert knowledge of treatment effects and their mechanisms
Cholewicki, J., Hodges, P. W., Popovich, J. M., Aminpour, P., Gray, S., Lee, A. S., Breen, A. C., Brumagne, S., van Dieën, J. H., Dillen, L. R. V., et al. (2026) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-026-09932-y · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Botulinum toxin type A for subacute/chronic neck pain
Gross, A., Lee, H., Chacko, N., Kovacevic, L., Smith, A. D., Shanthanna, H., Burnie, S. J., Forget, M., Schneider, G. M., Santaguida, P. L., et al. (2026) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008626.pub4 · Cited by 2
Success and failure after surgery of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine: an operational definition based on satisfaction, pain, and disability from a prospective cohort
Brasil, A. V. B., Floriani, M. A., Sfreddo, E., do Nascimento, T. L., Castro, A. A., Pedrotti, L. G., Bessel, M., Maccari, J. G., Mutlaq, M. P., & Nasi, L. A. (2022) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05460-0 · Cited by 2
Physiotherapy assessment and treatment of patients with tibial external fixator: a systematic scoping review
Schell, M. S., de Araujo, F. X., & Silva, M. F. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2202419 · Cited by 2
MANIFESTATIONS AND TREATMENT OF LOWER BACK PAIN SYNDROME IN WARTIME
Kvasnitskyi, M. V. (2023) · Wiadomości Lekarskie · doi:10.36740/wlek202305208 · Cited by 2
Responsiveness and minimal important change of specific and generic patient-reported outcome measures for back patients: the Norwegian Neck and Back Register
Skatteboe, S., Røe, C., Heide, M., Brox, J. I., Ignatius, J., Bratsberg, A., Wilhelmsen, M., & Bjørneboe, J. A. (2024) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-024-08394-4 · Cited by 2
Selection of outcome measurement instruments for a core outcome set for trials aimed at improving appropriate polypharmacy in older people in primary care: a Delphi consensus study
Alqahtani, M., Barry, H. E., & Hughes, C. M. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-024-01780-4 · Cited by 2
Implementation of back to living well, a community-based program for the tertiary prevention of low back pain: a study protocol
Macedo, L. G., Pelino, S. D., Santos, V. S., Richardson, J. A., MacDermid, J. C., Hancock, M. J., Battié, M. C., Saragiotto, B. T., Hayden, J. A., Rushton, A. B., et al. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07712-7 · Cited by 3
Influence of nationality on the trajectories of pain, disability and health related quality of life in neck and back patients – The Norwegian Neck and Back Registry
Ignatius, J., Røe, C., Perrin, P. B., Skatteboe, S., Brox, J. I., Kielland, M. G., & Bjørneboe, J. A. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2024.103193 · Cited by 2
Dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the Finnish version of the pain catastrophizing scale in chronic low back pain
Mikkonen, J., Leinonen, V., Lähdeoja, T., Holopainen, R., Ekström, K., Koho, P., Airaksinen, O., Luciano, J. V., Navarrete, J., & Neblett, R. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2024-0034 · Cited by 2
Development and Validation of a New Qualitative Pain Assessment Model: Preliminary Results of the WORDSforPAIN Project
Marco, M. D., Cipriani, L., Baccini, M., Cherubini, G., Piazzini, M., Relli, G., Filoni, G., Livoti, A., del Vicario, M. L., Doronzio, S. G., et al. (2024) · Lecture notes in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77318-1_13 · Cited by 2
Well-being in pain questionnaire: A novel, reliable, and valid tool for assessment of the personal well-being in individuals with chronic low back pain
Mikkonen, J., Martela, F., Holopainen, R., Ekström, K., Goubert, L., Leinonen, V., Selander, T. A., Airaksinen, O., & Neblett, R. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2024-0067 · Cited by 2

Authors: Chiarotto, A., Boers, M., Deyo, R. A., Buchbinder, R., Corbin, T. P., Costa, L. O. P., Foster, N. E., Grotle, M., Koes, B. W., Kovacs, F. M., Lin, C.-W. C., Maher, C. G., Pearson, A. M., Peul, W. C., Schoene, M. L., Turk, D. C., van Tulder, M. W., Terwee, C. B., & Ostelo, R. W.
Affiliations: Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Cabrini Hospital (AU)
Cochrane Canada (CA)
Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (BR)
Arthritis Research UK (GB)
Oslo University Hospital (NO)
Erasmus MC (NL)
Spanish Back Pain Research Network, Hospital Universitario HLA-Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
The University of Sydney (AU)
Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
Cochrane Collaboration, Back and Neck Review Group, Newbury, MA, USA
University of Washington (US)
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Corresponding author: Chiarotto, Alessandro
ORCID: Chiarotto, Alessandro
Boers, Maarten
Deyo, Richard A.
Buchbinder, Rachelle
Costa, Leonardo O.P.
Foster, Nadine E.
Grotle, Margreth
Koes, Bart W.
Kovacs, Francisco M.
Lin, C.-W. Christine
Peul, Wilco C.
Schoene, Mark L.
Terwee, Caroline B.
Ostelo, Raymond W.
Venue: Pain
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2017-11-24
Volume: 159
Issue: 3
Pages: 481-495
ISSN: 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
1872-6623
DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001117
PMC: PMC5828378
OpenAlex: W2768831605
Cited by: 461
References: 109
Citations by year: 2026: 46 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 21.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Pain (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
Keele Research Repository (Keele University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0515-10095, NIHR-RP-011-015)
EUROSPINE (EUROSPINE TFR 5-2015)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords: non-specific low back pain, core outcome measures, patient-reported outcome measures, physical function, pain intensity, health-related quality of life, measurement properties, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, numerical rating scale, SF-12, PROMIS Global Health, Delphi consensus
MeSH terms: Adult, Clinical Trials as Topic, Delphi Technique, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Quality of Life, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Low Back Pain

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks