The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 13 of the 45 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Mindfulness, Anxiety Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Heart Failure.
Open accessAbstract
Background: An estimated 6.5 million American adults live with heart failure (HF). Elevated anxiety symptoms may worsen HF symptoms and contribute to decreases in overall quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness has been associated with better psychological health with lower levels of anxiety symptoms. Mindfulness may be a modifiable target for reducing anxiety symptoms and increasing QOL in patients with HF. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the relationships among anxiety symptoms, dispositional mindfulness, and QOL in patients with symptomatic HF. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from 70 participants. We performed descriptive statistics, bivariate Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. Results: The sample included 70 individuals with a mean age of 65 ± 10.5 years, 89% male, mean left ejection fraction of 45.7 ± 13.6, mean total QOL of 36.9 ± 21.7, mean total mindfulness of 82.2 ± 12.8, and mean anxiety of 4.8 ± 2.9. In multiple regression analyses, total mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = -0.491, P < .01), greater observational mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = -0.377, P < .01), and greater nonreactivity to inner experience was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = -0.320, P < .05). Lower anxiety was associated with greater total QOL (β = 0.488, P < .01), greater physical QOL (β = 0.381, P < .01), and greater emotional QOL (β = 0.639, P < .01). Conclusions: Mindfulness may be a way of improving both anxiety symptoms and QOL in this population.
Overview
Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
13 of 45 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 1 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Muller-Tasch and colleagues47 found anxiety to be negatively associated with self-care behaviors in HF patients.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [47] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The MIND/BODY INTERVENTIONS section reports that an intervention reduced anxiety in heart failure patients, but it does not link anxiety to self-care behaviors. Searches for Muller-Tasch and for a negative association between anxiety and self-care found no passage addressing the attributed finding. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Anxiety symptoms are linked to pathophysiologic mechanisms that facilitate poorer cardiovascular outcomes, such as dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, such as decreased heart rate variability, low parasympathetic activity, high sympathetic activity, high serum glucose, altered lipid metabolism, and increased blood pressure.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [15] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The 'What Affects Patients’ Abilities to Engage in Self-Care?' section (page unavailable) lists anxiety as a factor affecting heart-failure self-care, while the self-care management section links neurohormonal activation to poor outcomes. Neither connects anxiety symptoms to autonomic dysregulation or the specified cardiovascular mechanisms; searches for anxiety and heart-rate variability found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Enhancing state mindfulness through meditation practice increases dispositional mindfulness.23”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Relationships With Meditation Experience” (p. 5), meditation experience correlates positively with two mindfulness scales. “Available Mindfulness Questionnaires” (p. 2) also reports increased mindfulness scores after meditation retreats. These passages support an association between meditation and greater measured mindfulness, but they do not establish that enhancing state mindfulness causes an increase in dispositional mindfulness. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After controlling for covariates, total mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.491, p < 0.01), greater observational mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.377, p < 0.01), and greater non-reactivity to inner experience was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.320, p < 0.05).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Multiple linear regression
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After controlling for covariates, lower anxiety was associated with greater total QOL (β = 0.488, p < 0.01), greater physical QOL (β = 0.381, p < 0.01), and greater emotional QOL (β = 0.639, p < 0.01).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Multiple linear regression
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After controlling for covariates, lower anxiety was associated with greater total QOL (β = 0.488, p < 0.01), greater physical QOL (β = 0.381, p < 0.01), and greater emotional QOL (β = 0.639, p < 0.01).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Multiple linear regression
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After controlling for covariates, total mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.491, p < 0.01), greater observational mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.377, p < 0.01), and greater non-reactivity to inner experience was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.320, p < 0.05).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Multiple linear regression
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QOL was associated with lower total mindfulness (r = −0.29, p < 0.05) and with greater anxiety (r = 0.52, p < 0.01).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Bivariate analyses
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After controlling for covariates, total mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.491, p < 0.01), greater observational mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.377, p < 0.01), and greater non-reactivity to inner experience was significantly associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.320, p < 0.05).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Multiple linear regression
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After controlling for covariates, lower anxiety was associated with greater total QOL (β = 0.488, p < 0.01), greater physical QOL (β = 0.381, p < 0.01), and greater emotional QOL (β = 0.639, p < 0.01).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Multiple linear regression
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 15
- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Quality of life was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ),36 one of the most widely used questionnaires for assessing heart-failure related quality of life (QOL) in individuals with heart failure.33,37”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [33] source
- Disputedcites [37] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Measurement of variables section states that quality of life was measured with the Arabic version of the Short Form 36, not the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. The Procedure section likewise says participants completed the Short Form 36. These passages contradict the attributed choice of instrument; they do not address whether the MLHFQ is widely used. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Mindfulness, described as the capacity to nonjudgmentally attend to mental and physical processes during everyday activities 20 can possess both “state-like” and “trait-like” qualities and is considered to be influenced by both genetic and environmental influences.21,22”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [21] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes mindfulness as attentive, nonjudgmental awareness, and the Measurement section describes a measure of everyday mindfulness; neither addresses the qualities attributed to citations 21 and 22. Searches for state-like and trait-like qualities and for genetic and environmental influences found no passage addressing those claims. (LLM, conf=0.74)
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“The FFMQ is a widely used measure of dispositional mindfulness.38”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Measures
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [38] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Overview of Mindfulness Treatments mentions the definition and measurement of mindfulness, but the passages retrieved from our copy do not identify the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire or discuss its use. Searches for its full name, FFMQ, and trait-mindfulness measurement found no passage addressing the claim; no page numbers were provided. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Mindfulness was assessed using the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), a 39-item self-report measure of an individual’s tendency to be mindful in daily life.25”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Measures
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (sections 2.1–2.3; page unavailable) describe baseline questionnaires, the stress test, and the interventions, but do not identify the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire. Searches for FFMQ, its 39 items, and dispositional mindfulness found no passage in our copy describing the measure or saying it was used. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“While the direction of the relationships cannot be established in the present investigation, our findings correspond with other studies that found independent associations among anxiety symptoms, QOL and mindfulness 23,24,27,46 and it extends this knowledge to individuals living with HF.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Part 5 (p. 15) finds that several mindfulness facets independently predict overall psychological symptom levels. The paper also reports associations of mindfulness measures with anxiety and well-being in its discussion of available questionnaires (pp. 2–3), but it does not establish independent associations among anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and mindfulness as three distinct variables. The extension to people living with heart failure is the citing authors’ own finding, not a claim attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [46] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) report reduced anxiety symptoms after mindfulness group therapy, and the ‘Main findings and comparison with findings from other studies’ section (page unavailable) describes a prior study linking mindfulness treatment with reduced social anxiety and increased subjective well-being. This paper does not establish independent associations among anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and mindfulness; its reported outcomes do not include a quality-of-life measure. The extension to people with heart failure is the citing authors’ own finding, not a claim attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Dispositional mindfulness is associated with better psychosocial health and lower levels of stress and anxiety symptoms.23,26,27”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Available Mindfulness Questionnaires section (p. 2) reports that a dispositional mindfulness scale correlated positively with well-being and negatively with social anxiety. It also reports that increases in scale scores during an MBSR course were associated with decreases in stress symptoms, but that is not a direct finding about dispositional mindfulness and stress. The paper’s own analysis (Part 5, p. 15) links several mindfulness facets to fewer general psychological symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Thus, interventions may be developed that increase mindfulness to modify anxiety to improve QOL and potentially other HF disease outcomes; importantly, anxiety symptoms may interfere with an individual’s ability to independently self-manage HF which can impact prognosis.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [47] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Mind/Body Interventions section reports that a mindfulness intervention reduced anxiety and that participants had better heart-failure symptom control, but it does not say anxiety interferes with independent self-management. The only self-management mention found is in a reference title; no passage links anxiety, self-management, and prognosis. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS),31 a reliable and valid measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms in individuals with chronic medical conditions.32–34”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [33] source
- Could not verifycites [34] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods > Measurements section lists the MLHFQ and SF-12 as the questionnaires used, but does not mention HADS. Searches for “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,” “HADS,” and its reliability and validity in chronic medical conditions found no passage addressing the attributed claim. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Other studies specific to HF suggest non-pharmacological interventions (i.e., MBI) that increase mindfulness may also be an effective treatment option to improve QOL, reduce psychosocial distress and improve self-management.39,50–53”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] source
- Partly supportedcites [50] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report reduced fatigue and improved physical functioning after the mindfulness-based intervention in patients with chronic heart failure; the Discussion suggests that treating fatigue may improve heart-failure self-care skills. The paper does not establish that the intervention increased mindfulness or directly improved quality of life or psychosocial distress in these patients; those outcomes were not reported as intervention results (page numbers unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites [51]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [52] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [53] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many of the participants were recruited from the VA San Diego Healthcare System and the sample was comprised of 67.6% white, non-Hispanic adults, and 16.9% black, non-Hispanic participants.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Elevated anxiety symptoms may worsen HF symptoms, contribute significantly to decreases in overall QOL, and increase frequency of hospital readmission.12,13”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The MLHFQ has high test-retest reliability (r = 0.87) and internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha = 0.92).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All models included age and ejection fraction as covariates since EF is associated with disease severity and age can influence psychological factors such as anxiety, and mindfulness, as well as QOL.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Results > Multiple linear regression
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Ejection fraction is associated with disease severity, and age can influence psychological factors such as anxiety, mindfulness, and quality of life.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-hoc power analyses indicated a power of 0.91 to detect a medium effect size (f2 = 0.2) with an alpha of 0.05 in a multivariate analysis with 4 predictors (age, ejection fraction, QOL, anxiety; age, ejection fraction, mindfulness, anxiety).”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Data analyses
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a study of 286 adults without HF, facets of dispositional mindfulness, including describing and nonreacting, were related to fewer anxiety symptoms.26”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bootstrapping was applied to all analyses to ensure that missing data did not alter the results.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Data analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ejection fractions were derived from echocardiography, which was performed by blinded assessors at UCSD Medical Center.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Measures
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This method is a reliable and method of assessing left ventricular function and predicting mortality in patients with HF.29”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Missing data ranged from 9 to 14%.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Methods > Data analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, we used only self-report measures.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion > Limitations
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While our study garnered a relatively diverse population (32.4% that identified as other than non-Hispanic white), our sample size was not powered to include other important covariates or to perform sub-group analyses.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, our study was cross-sectional and not powered to determine mediation effects.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, we were limited by the measures implemented by the parent study.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“MBI include exercises that focus on deep breathing and is effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and stress in various populations, but limited findings exist in HF.48,49”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent meta-analysis of randomized control trials of MBI in healthcare, revealed mindfulness significant improved depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, quality of life and physical functioning among a wide range of chronic conditions in both treatment and prevention.48”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [48] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This study revealed promising findings of reductions in anxiety symptoms and improved QOL.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Developing mindfulness to lower anxiety may be a novel approach in improving self-care behavior.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was limited by a small sample size and cross-sectional design.”
§ Mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life in heart failure > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Little is known about how the five facets of mindfulness relate to health outcomes in heart failure patients.
“Less is known about the relationship between the five facets of mindfulness and health outcomes in patients with HF.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Ejection fraction is associated with disease severity, and age can influence psychological factors such as anxiety, mindfulness, and quality of life.
“All models included age and ejection fraction as covariates since EF is associated with disease severity and age can influence psychological factors such as anxiety, and mindfulness, as well as QOL.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The age-quality-of-life correlation is interpreted backward
MinorThe negative correlation indicates that older participants had lower questionnaire scores. Because higher scores indicate poorer quality of life, this points to better, not poorer, quality of life with age.
“Older age was associated with lower QOL (r = −0.26, p < 0.05)”
“Higher scores indicate poorer QOL.”
The mindfulness-anxiety correlation has the opposite sign from its interpretation
MinorA positive correlation means greater mindfulness accompanies greater anxiety, not lower anxiety. The stated direction conflicts with the reported r = 0.49; the paper says higher anxiety scores represent more symptoms.
“Greater mindfulness was associated with lower anxiety (r = 0.49, p < 0.01).”
“Scores range from 0 to 21, where higher scores indicate more anxiety symptoms.”
Cited works that were retracted
Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.
Cites a retracted work: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124344
MajorThe cited work was retracted on 2019-04-12 (notice 10.1371/journal.pone.0215608), before this paper was published (2020-01-06). Its authors could have known.
Cited work 10.1371/journal.pone.0124344 · retracted 2019-04-12 · notice 10.1371/journal.pone.0215608 · this paper published 2020-01-06
“A recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of mindfulness based intervention in healthcare revealed that mindfulness significantly improved depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, QOL, and physical functioning among a wide range of chronic conditions in both treatment and prevention.(48) Authors of other stu…”
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Gotink, R. A., Chu, P., Busschbach, J. J. V., Benson, H., Fricchione, G. L., & Hunink, M. G. M. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124344 · Cited by 539 · cited 2×
“A recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of mindfulness based intervention in healthcare revealed that mindfulness significantly improved depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, QOL, and physical functioning among a wide range of chronic conditions in both treatment and prevention.(48) Authors of other stu…”
BackgroundRetractedThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., Burri, H., Butler, J., Čelutkienė, J., Chioncel, O. D., et al. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab670 · Cited by 19,890
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · cited 1×
“Mindfulness, described as the capacity to nonjudgmentally attend to mental and physical processes during everyday activities,(20) can possess both “statelike” and “traitlike” qualities and is considered to be influenced by both genetic and environmental influences.(21,22) State mindfulness refers to active engagement…”
BackgroundUsing Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 2×
“Mindfulness was assessed using the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire, a 39-item self-report measure of an individual's tendency to be mindful in daily life.(25) The Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire is a widely used measure of dispositional mindfulness.”
BackgroundMethodHeart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the american heart association
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Delling, F. N., Deo, R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000558 · Cited by 7,146 · cited 1×
“5 million American adults live with heart failure (HF), which is associated with reduced quality of life (QOL) and is one of the most common causes of hospital readmission and mortality.(1,2)”
Background2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure
Ponikowski, P., Voors, A. A., Anker, S. D., Bueno, H., Cleland, J. G. F., Coats, A. J. S., Falk, V., González-Juanatey, J. R., Harjola, V.-P., Jankowska, E. A., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.592 · Cited by 5,866
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rebora, P., Spedale, V., Occhino, G., Luciani, M., Alvaro, R., Vellone, E., Riegel, B. J., & Ausili, D. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02788-3 · Cited by 40
Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with heart failure
Zhao, Q., Sun, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Chen, C. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06259-0 · Cited by 21
Sensing the Squeeze of Sandwich Generation Women in Jakarta, Indonesia
Irawaty, D. K., & Gayatri, M. (2023) · Journal of Family Sciences · doi:10.29244/jfs.v8i1.43942 · Cited by 11
Cavalcante, V. N., Mesquita, E. T., Cavalcanti, A. C. D., Miranda, J. S. D. S., Jardim, P. P., Bandeira, G. M. D. S., Guimarães, L. M. R., Venâncio, I. C. D. D. L., Correa, N., Dantas, A. M. R., et al. (2023) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20220768 · Cited by 13
Morgenroth, O., Petersen, L., Frey, N., & Reinecke, A. (2022) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13931 · Cited by 9
“Dispositional mindfulness was associated with lower anxiety and greater HRQOL in patients with heart failure in an observational study.(24)”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Rechenberg, K., Cousin, L., & Redwine, L.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rechenberg, Kaitlyn
- Venue
- Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
- Published
- 2020-01-06
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 358-363
- ISSN
- 0889-4655 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-5049
- PMC
- PMC7299746
- OpenAlex
- W2997389544
- Semantic Scholar
- 2e99def27f25f7df539673babd608fd4e1dc1156
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL096784)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- mindfulness, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, heart failure, trait mindfulness, emotional quality of life, physical quality of life, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Resilience, Psychological, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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