The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social Emotion Recognition, Social Functioning, and Attempted Suicide in Late-Life Depression
Open accessAbstract
Objectives : Lack of feeling connected and poor social problem solving have been described in suicide attempters. However, cognitive substrates of this apparent social impairment in suicide attempters remain unknown. One possible deficit, the inability to recognize others' complex emotional states has been observed not only in disorders characterized by prominent social deficits (autism-spectrum disorders and frontotemporal dementia) but also in depression and normal aging. This study assessed the relationship between social emotion recognition, problem solving, social functioning, and attempted suicide in late-life depression.Design, participants, measurements : There were 90 participants: 24 older depressed suicide attempters, 38 nonsuicidal depressed elders, and 28 comparison subjects with no psychiatric history. We compared performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and measures of social networks, social support, social problem solving, and chronic interpersonal difficulties in these three groups.Results : Suicide attempters committed significantly more errors in social emotion recognition and showed poorer global cognitive performance than elders with no psychiatric history. Attempters had restricted social networks: they were less likely to talk to their children, had fewer close friends, and did not engage in volunteer activities, compared to nonsuicidal depressed elders and those with no psychiatric history. They also reported a pattern of struggle against others and hostility in relationships, felt a lack of social support, perceived social problems as impossible to resolve, and displayed a careless/impulsive approach to problems.Conclusions : Suicide attempts in depressed elders were associated with poor social problem solving, constricted social networks, and disruptive interpersonal relationships. Impaired social emotion recognition in the suicide attempter group was related.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent U.S. study that focused on depressed suicide attempters aged 60 and above found that social cognition deficits differentiated individuals who had engaged in suicidal behavior from mentally healthy controls [72].”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [72]
In the citing paper
“Specifically, individuals in the former group demonstrated significantly more errors on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, which measures emotion recognition capabilities by having participants make subtle discriminations between photographs of facial expressions.”
From A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood (2012) · cites this paper as [72]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,012
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,852
Sensitivity and False Alarm Rate of a Fall Sensor in Long-Term Fall Detection in the Elderly
Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,007
Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00715 · Cited by 4,555 · cited 12×
“Converging with these results, a study of depressed individuals (20) found that performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RME) (21,22), a widely used measure of complex social emotion recognition, was impaired in individuals with suicidal thoughts, anhedonia, and guilt, or “hopelessness depression”, but un…”
InfluentialBaron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 4,313
Assessment of suicidal intention: The Scale for Suicide Ideation.
Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.47.2.343 · Cited by 3,419
Psychological Assessment Resources
Abidin, R. R. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,141
Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support
Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, H. M. (1985) · Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_5 · Cited by 2,296 · cited 1×
“We also assessed participants' perceived levels of social support using the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), that includes four sub-scales-- appraisal, belonging, selfesteem, and tangible support-- and also provides an overall measure of support (33).”
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–181 of 181
Improving Social Connections to Reduce Suicide Risk: A Promising Intervention Target?
Szántó, K., & Whitman, K. (2021) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2021.04.016 · Cited by 9
Zhang, X., Qi, G., Fu, X., & Zhang, N. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3296316 · Cited by 8
Walker, K. L., Kaniuka, A. R., Sirois, F. M., Chang, E. C., & Hirsch, J. K. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-0019-1 · Cited by 8
Orsolini, L., Corona, D., Cervelli, A. L., Ribuoli, E., Longo, G., & Volpe, U. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1403038 · Cited by 7
Suicidal behaviour: What's the brain up to?
Parkar, S., Kate, N., Rupani, K., Malhotra, G., Upadhye, T. S., & Asopa, R. V. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.052 · Cited by 7
Romirowsky, A., Zweig, R. A., Baker, L. G., & Sirey, J. A. (2018) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2018.1536687 · Cited by 7
Suicide-related cognitions and emotional bias performance in a community sample
McManimen, S. L., Hay, J. M., Long, C. M., Bryan, C. J., & Aase, D. M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.005 · Cited by 7
Decision Making in Social Context in Patients with Suicide Attempt History
Loyo, L. M. S., Martínez, E. E. V., & González‐Garrido, A. A. (2016) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12239 · Cited by 8
Neurologic Changes and Depression
Greene, R. D., & Wang, S. (2017) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.10.009 · Cited by 7
Menon, V., Kattimani, S., Sarkar, S., Sathyanarayanan, G., Subramanian, K., & Kumar, V. S. (2018) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.08.006 · Cited by 6
Liang, S., Liu, X., Li, D., Zhang, J., Zhao, G., Yu, H., Zhao, X., & Sha, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1212579 · Cited by 5
Association of resting-state EEG with suicidality in depressed patients: a systematic review
Shamsi, F., Azadinia, F., & Vafaee, F. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06464-x · Cited by 5
Whole-cortex mapping of common genetic influences on depression and a social deficits dimension
Hatoum, A. S., Reineberg, A. E., Smolker, H. R., Hewitt, J. K., & Friedman, N. P. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0611-6 · Cited by 5
Dieudonné-Rahm, N., Burkhardt, S., & Pautex, S. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1325-6 · Cited by 4
Parrish, E. M., Steenkamp, L. R., Chalker, S. A., Moore, R. C., Pinkham, A. E., & Depp, C. A. (2024) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgae007 · Cited by 4
Reducing Depression and Suicidal Ideation Among Elder Abuse Victims Using PROTECT
Rollandi, I., Carter, E., Banerjee, S., Culver, C., Solomonov, N., & Sirey, J. A. (2024) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2024.11.018 · Cited by 4
Gómez–Restrepo, C., Peñaranda, A. P. B., Lemus, L. M. G., Jaramillo, L. E., Valencia, J. G., Narváez, E. B., Bradford, A. M. D. L. H., & Palacio, C. (2013) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2013.11.001 · Cited by 4
Undergraduate students with musical training report less conflict in interpersonal relationships
MacDonald, J., & Wilbiks, J. M. P. (2021) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/03057356211030985 · Cited by 6
Shafiee‐Kandjani, A. R., Alizadeh, M., Vazifehkhorani, A. K., & Pahnaei, Z. (2019) · Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.15171/jarcm.2019.010 · Cited by 4
Wnuk, H. K., Orden, K. A. V., & Wang, K. H. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106451 · Cited by 5
Clark, C. B., Armstrong, J., Ballout, M. H., & Ewy, R. (2020) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.2164 · Cited by 3
Grover, S., Sahoo, S., Avasthi, A., Lakdawala, B. M., Dan, A., Nebhinani, N., Dutt, A., Tiwari, S., Gania, A., Subramanyam, A. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Mental Health · doi:10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_35_19 · Cited by 3
Fujieda, M., Uchida, K., Ikebe, S.-I., Kimura, A., Kimura, M., Watanabe, T., Sakamoto, H., Matsumoto, T., & Uchimura, N. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085547 · Cited by 3
Jahromi, L. R., Tlais, M. A., Kamar, H., & Jalali, A. (2023) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v19i1.14336 · Cited by 3
Effect of Therapeutic Atmosphere in a Psychiatry Clinic on Social Functionality of in-Patients
Lök, N. (2015) · African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4172/psychiatry.1000195 · Cited by 4
Is the alteration in emotional recognition a specific risk factor of suicide attempt?
Velasco, Á., Rodríguez-Revuelta, J., de la Fuente-Tomás, L., Fernández-Peláez, A. D., Santo, F. D., Jiménez-Treviño, L., Abad, I., González-Blanco, L., García‐Portilla, M. P., & Sáiz, P. A. (2019) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2018.06.001 · Cited by 3
Theory of Mind in Somatization and Depression: Is It Cause or Phenomenon?
Çeti̇n, Ş., Varma, G. S., Uğurlu, T. T., & Özdel, O. İ. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001399 · Cited by 2
Does mood affect judgment: Results from an in vivo observational study
Chao, M., Koay, J. M., & Meter, A. V. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03437-9 · Cited by 2
The 5D indicators of suicide risk in older adults who are lonely
Orden, K. A. V., Buttaccio, A., & Conwell, Y. (2025) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15354 · Cited by 4
Veid, N., Pollari, A., Hyvönen, K., & Pylvänäinen, P. (2022) · Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/17432979.2022.2122563 · Cited by 2
Factors associated with suicidal attempts in female patients with mood disorder
Zhang, J., Liang, S., Liu, X., Li, D., Zhou, F., Xiao, L., Liu, J., & Sha, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157606 · Cited by 2
The Development of Ambiguity Processing Is Explained by an Inverted U-Shaped Curve
Manelis, A., Miceli, R., Satz, S., Suss, S. J., Hu, H., & Versace, A. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14090826 · Cited by 2
Social function scores and influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms
Liao, Z.-L., Pu, X.-L., Zheng, Z.-Y., & Luo, J. (2024) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i1.98630 · Cited by 2
Wildstein, N., & Zweig, R. (2025) · The International Journal of Aging & Human Development · doi:10.1177/00914150251317442 · Cited by 2
Jiang, H.-X., & Yu, J. (2025) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaf046 · Cited by 2
Clinical relevance of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder
Cha, D. S. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139860567.002 · Cited by 2
American Public University System Analog Research Group Mission 1: A Space Analog 11-Day Mission
Hoy, S. V., O’Hara, B., Wallace, D., Trevino, T., Worku, R., & Miller, K. (2022) · Space Education & Strategic Applications · doi:10.18278/001c.37309 · Cited by 2
Impaired sensitivity to spatial configurations in healthy aging
Chard, J., Cook, R., & Press, C. (2022) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2022.05.026 · Cited by 3
Smith, D. V., Zaff, O., Wyngaarden, J. Β., Dennison, J. B., Sazhin, D., Chein, J. M., McCloskey, M., Alloy, L. B., Jarcho, J. M., & Fareri, D. S. (2026) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2026.109209 · Cited by 3
Pacifico, D., Sabatini, S., Fiordelli, M., & Albanese, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.963703 · Cited by 2
Lee, Y., Huang, L., Sajatovic, M., Hu, C., Lee, H., Lin, C.-Y., Wang, C., Tsai, S., & Lin, Y. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06358-x · Cited by 1
Cheng, J. L. (2012) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1
A Social Neuroscience Perspective on Suicidal Behavior
Gifuni, A. J., & Jollant, F. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26282-6_11 · Cited by 1
Zhao, W., Hu, Y., Sun, Q., Li, S., Gao, Z., Lin, M., Ding, Z., Sun, J., & Li, C. (2020) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.24470 · Cited by 1
Szociális problémamegoldó készségek és öngyilkossági veszélyeztetettség fogvatartottak körében
Pató, I. H., Kresznerits, S., Erdélyi‐Belle, B., Szekeres, T., & Perczel-Forintos, D. (2024) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2024.33133 · Cited by 1
Baek, S., & Yoon, J. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17060956 · Cited by 1
Suicide in the Second Half of Life: Cognition and Decision Processes
Szántó, K. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09964-4_10 · Cited by 1
Velasco, Á., Rodríguez-Revuelta, J., de la Fuente-Tomás, L., Fernández-Peláez, A. D., Santo, F. D., Jiménez-Treviño, L., Abad, I., González-Blanco, L., García‐Portilla, M. P., & Sáiz, P. A. (2018) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.06.002 · Cited by 1
İnanç, L. (2019) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2019.00017 · Cited by 2
Stanley, J. T., & Villalba, A. A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00062-x · Cited by 2
Attempted suicide in late life: A prospective study
Wiktorsson, S. (2012) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Does Emotional Processing Mediate the Link Between Disordered Sleep and Depression
O’Leary, K. (2015) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Walker, K. L. (2014) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University)
Malmström, S., & Norlander, T. N. T. (2015) · International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience · doi:10.4172/1522-4821.1000265
Examining suicide: imaging's contributions.
Church, E. J. (2015) · PubMed
Giving Support and Mental Health in Older Adults at Risk for Vision Impairment
Smith, M. D. (2013) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.425
The role of social cognition in major depressive disorder
Baune, B. T., & Weightman, M. J. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139860567.009
Patterns of Depression in Ontario Long-Term Care Facilities and the Role of Language
Ihn, E. (2015) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Clinical phenomenology of suicidal behavior in dementia of various types
Мудренко, И. Г. (2018) · ScienceRise Medical Science · doi:10.15587/2519-4798.2018.121956
Velasco, Á., Santo, F. D., Rodríguez-Revuelta, J., Abad, I., de la Fuente-Tomás, L., González-Blanco, L., García-Álvarez, L., Fernández-Peláez, A. D., García‐Portilla, M. P., Bobes, J., et al. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.576
Pour une neurobiologie des conduites suicidaires
Olié, É., & Courtet, P. (2017) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)30466-2
Whole-Brain Whole-Genome Framework for Imaging Genetics of Psychopathology and Cognition
Hatoum, A. S. (2019) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)
Cannabis Use and Social Cognitive Ability
Rodrigues, A. (2019) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)
Sozial-kognitive Fähigkeiten und Suizidalität: Eine Übersicht
Thoma, P., & Teismann, T. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000325
(2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328359edae
Hoy, S. V., O’Hara, B., Wallace, D., Trevino, T., Worku, R., & Millera, K. (2022) · Space Education & Strategic Applications · doi:10.18278/sesa.3.1.3 · Cited by 1
Ma, C., Gong, B., & Wu, C. (2024) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2024.2405509 · Cited by 1
Emotional information processing in depressed elderly with suicidal behavior
Barsznica, Y., Vandel, P., Lambert, B., Monnin, J., Nicolier, M., Pinho, C. D., Hickel, J., Richard‐Devantoy, S., Morgny, C., Szymanska, M., et al. (2024) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2024.09.004
Late life mood disorders and suicidality
Khasnavis, S., & Asghar‐Ali, A. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198874799.003.0017
Sabatini, S., Numbers, K. T., Kochan, N. A., Sachdev, P. S., & Brodaty, H. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6890364/v1
Adult friendship and suicidality: A scoping review
Stevens, S. P., Shiner, B. R., Brunner, L., Kenneally, L., & Riblet, N. B. V. (2025) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075251382314 · Cited by 1
Douleur psychologique et exclusion sociale dans les conduites suicidaires
Olié, É. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/657d26f9zdfd9z495ez8d2az0095d5ba2816
Conejero, I. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e0cb59ecz80a8z4338za3ddz2ea8e8d0334d
Iwon, K., Rajchert, J. M., & Zajenkowska, A. M. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113886
The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and suicide crisis syndrome symptoms
Ulch, T., Prekas, A. S., Edwards, A. R., Wheeler, E., Johnson, B. N., Cohen, L. J., & GALYNKER, I. I. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122085
Chen, Y., & Fang, S. (2026) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2026.106437
Metadata
- Authors
- Szanto, K., Dombrovski, A. Y., Sahakian, B. J., Mulsant, B. H., Houck, P. R., Reynolds, C. F., & Clark, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 257-265
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3286029
- OpenAlex
- W2160351927
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH071944, K23MH086620, K23MH070471, R01MH085651)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024153)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- suicide attempts, geriatric depression, social problem solving, social functioning, social networks, social support, interpersonal problems, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, older adults, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Problem Solving, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests, Social Adjustment, Social Support, Suicide, Attempted, Chi-Square Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Emotional Intelligence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
