Cited by 118Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchSports injuries and preventionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Multiple Self-Reported Concussions Are More Prevalent in Athletes With ADHD and Learning Disability

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Nelson, Lindsay D., Guskiewicz, Kevin M., Marshall, Stephen W., Hammeke, Thomas, Barr, William, Randolph, Christopher, McCrea, Michael A.·2016·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

DOI 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000207PMC PMC6938223

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated how attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD) are associated with concussion history and performance on standard concussion assessment measures. Based on previous reports that developmental disorders are associated with increased injury proneness and poorer cognitive performance, we anticipated that ADHD and LD would be associated with increased history of concussion and poorer baseline performance on assessment measures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS: The study sample aggregated data from two separate projects: the National Collegiate Athletic Association Concussion Study and Project Sideline. INTERVENTIONS: We analyzed preseason baseline data from 8056 high school and collegiate athletes (predominantly male football players) enrolled in prior studies of sport-related concussion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures included demographic/health history, symptoms, and cognitive performance. RESULTS: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and LD were associated with 2.93 and 2.08 times the prevalence, respectively, of 3+ historical concussions (for comorbid ADHD/LD the prevalence ratio was 3.38). In players without histories of concussion, individuals with ADHD reported more baseline symptoms, and ADHD and LD were associated with poorer performance on baseline cognitive tests. Interactive effects were present between ADHD/LD status and concussion history for self-reported symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Neurodevelopmental disorders and concussion history should be jointly considered in evaluating concussed players. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical judgments of self-reported symptoms and cognitive performance should be adjusted based on athletes' individual preinjury baselines or comparison with appropriate normative samples.

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Authors: Nelson, L. D., Guskiewicz, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Hammeke, T., Barr, W., Randolph, C., & McCrea, M. A.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID: Nelson, Lindsay D.
Guskiewicz, Kevin M.
Marshall, Stephen W.
Barr, William
Randolph, Christopher
McCrea, Michael A.
Venue: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2016-03
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Pages: 120-127
ISSN: 1050-642X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000207
PMC: PMC6938223
OpenAlex: W2102757444
Semantic Scholar: 6cb7bf4fdcb79b73bc03a056c6b1aabc7868937f
Cited by: 118
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 4
FWCI: 8.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
UNC Libraries
Funders: NFL Charities
National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
National Institutes of Health (RR00058)
Injury Prevention Research Center
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000058)
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: sports-related concussion, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, neurodevelopmental disorders, concussion history, self-reported symptoms, baseline cognitive performance, football players, concussion assessment
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Concussion, Female, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, United States, Young Adult, Athletes, Self Report

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Multiple Self-Reported Concussions Are More Prevalent in Athletes With ADHD and Learning Disability

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