The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple Self-Reported Concussions Are More Prevalent in Athletes With ADHD and Learning Disability
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated how attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD) are associated with concussion history and performance on standard concussion assessment measures. Based on previous reports that developmental disorders are associated with increased injury proneness and poorer cognitive performance, we anticipated that ADHD and LD would be associated with increased history of concussion and poorer baseline performance on assessment measures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS: The study sample aggregated data from two separate projects: the National Collegiate Athletic Association Concussion Study and Project Sideline. INTERVENTIONS: We analyzed preseason baseline data from 8056 high school and collegiate athletes (predominantly male football players) enrolled in prior studies of sport-related concussion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures included demographic/health history, symptoms, and cognitive performance. RESULTS: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and LD were associated with 2.93 and 2.08 times the prevalence, respectively, of 3+ historical concussions (for comorbid ADHD/LD the prevalence ratio was 3.38). In players without histories of concussion, individuals with ADHD reported more baseline symptoms, and ADHD and LD were associated with poorer performance on baseline cognitive tests. Interactive effects were present between ADHD/LD status and concussion history for self-reported symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Neurodevelopmental disorders and concussion history should be jointly considered in evaluating concussed players. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical judgments of self-reported symptoms and cognitive performance should be adjusted based on athletes' individual preinjury baselines or comparison with appropriate normative samples.
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“A U.S. study of over 8,000 high school and collegiate athletes (predominantly male football players) found that those with ADHD were three times as likely to have had three or more reported concussions”
From The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Nelson et al., 2016
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Self-citationAmerican Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: concussion in sport
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“study of over 8000 high school and collegiate athletes (predominantly male football players) found that those with ADHD were three times as likely to have had three or more reported concussions (Nelson et al., 2016).”
Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)
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Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review
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Sport-Related Concussion and Mental Health Outcomes in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nelson, L. D., Guskiewicz, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Hammeke, T., Barr, W., Randolph, C., & McCrea, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 120-127
- ISSN
- 1050-642X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6938223
- OpenAlex
- W2102757444
- Semantic Scholar
- 6cb7bf4fdcb79b73bc03a056c6b1aabc7868937f
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 8.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- NFL Charities
- National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
- National Institutes of Health (RR00058)
- Injury Prevention Research Center
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000058)
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- sports-related concussion, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, neurodevelopmental disorders, concussion history, self-reported symptoms, baseline cognitive performance, football players, concussion assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Concussion, Female, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, United States, Young Adult, Athletes, Self Report
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