Cited by 37Regulation of Appetite and ObesityPharmacology and Obesity TreatmentAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

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Appetite control: hormones or diet strategies?

Freire, Rachel H., Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I.·2020·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care

DOI 10.1097/mco.0000000000000675

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Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Appetite control results from metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence hunger and the desire to eat. We summarize the latest advances in the hormonal and nutritional strategies to control appetite and reduce hunger. RECENT FINDINGS: The fed-hunger-state is regulated by central and peripheric hormones, which modulate energy balance. Leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and other gut-derived peptides represent the main appetite controllers. The role of orexins, obestatin, and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 has been uncovered recently. New insights have demonstrated the role of hippocampal activity as a possible mechanism of action. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists are well known agents controlling appetite. Association of GLP1 receptor agonist, PYY, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists have been tested as new approaches. Appetite-control hormones have also risen as factors involved in the efficacy of bariatric procedures. High-protein, ketogenic diet, and intermittent fasting have been described as nutritional strategies to reduce appetite, although the physiological mechanism and long-term safety remains unclear. SUMMARY: Appetite control has been an important target for the treatment of obesity and associated disorders. New studies have demonstrated promising adoption of dietary approaches, hormone-based drugs, and bariatric surgery to control energy intake. Further research will establish a significant association, benefits, and safety of these new therapies.

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Authors: Freire, R. H., & Alvarez-Leite, J. I.
Affiliations: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
Corresponding author: Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I.
ORCID: Freire, Rachel H.
Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I.
Venue: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2020-06-30
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Pages: 328-335
ISSN: 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
1473-6519
DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000675
OpenAlex: W3038894922
Cited by: 37
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 0.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: appetite regulation, hunger, satiety hormones, leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY, orexin, obestatin, hippocampal activity, GLP-1 receptor agonists, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, bariatric surgery, high-protein diet, ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, obesity, energy balance
MeSH terms: Diet, High-Protein, Appetite Regulation, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Hippocampus, Humans, Hunger, Diet, Ketogenic

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