Genetic-related and carbohydrate-related factors affecting liver fat accumulation
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent findings that have examined dietary, genetic and gene-diet interactions that contribute to fat accumulation in the liver during growth and development, with particular focus on contributions relating to dietary carbohydrate and sugar consumption. In addition, this review highlights how some of these contributions to liver fat vary across the population in terms of ethnic-specific effects. RECENT FINDINGS: Dietary carbohydrate, and especially sugars contribute to increased liver fat accumulation due to the lipogenic potential of fructose during liver metabolism. In addition, recent genome-wide studies have identified several polymorphisms that contribute to increased liver fat accumulation, with some of these genes relating to dietary carbohydrate and sugar consumption. In particular, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) gene, which is highly prevalent in Hispanics, contributes to excessive liver fat beginning at a young age, especially in the context of high sugar consumption. SUMMARY: Dietary sugar contributes to liver fat accumulation, with this being explained by de-novo lipogenesis from fructose in the liver. Certain genetic factors, including PNPLA3, glucokinase regulatory protein and APOC3 contribute to increased liver fat accumulation, with these effects being manifested at an early age. Hispanics in particular are at elevated risk for liver fat accumulation because of the higher frequency of genetic variants such as PNPLA3 and glucokinase regulatory protein as well as an interaction between the PNPLA3 and dietary sugar.
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One of the more promising gene-diet interactions, notable in Hispanic populations, involves PNPLA3 and sugar consumption in relation to obesity and liver fat accumulation.
“One of the more promising gene-diet interactions, notable in Hispanic populations, involves PNPLA3 and sugar consumption in relation to obesity and liver fat accumulation;84-86”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Goran, M. I., Walker, R., & Allayee, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goran, Michael I.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 392-396
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3559241
- OpenAlex
- W2029966497
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5ul1rr031986-02, UL1TR000130)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1-RR031986)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- hepatic steatosis, hepatic lipid accumulation, dietary carbohydrates, sugar consumption, fructose metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, PNPLA3, GCKR, apolipoprotein C-III, gene-diet interaction, genetic polymorphism, ethnic differences, Hispanic Americans
- MeSH terms
- Acyltransferases, Animals, Energy Intake, Carrier Proteins, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatty Liver, Fructose, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Lipase, Liver, Membrane Proteins, Polymorphism, Genetic, Lipogenesis, Apolipoprotein C-III, Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent
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