Mediterranean diet and NAFLD: what we know and questions that still need to be answered
Open accessAbstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is expected to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide over the next few decades. In fact, NAFLD encompasses different clinical scenarios, from the simple accumulation of fat (steatosis) to steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-cirrhosis, and cirrhosis complications. In this context, it is fundamental to pursue strategies aimed at both preventing the disease and reducing the progression of liver fibrosis once liver damage is already initiated. As of today, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for NAFLD/NASH, and the only recommended treatment of proven efficacy are life-style modifications, including diet and physical exercise pointing at weight loss of 5%-7%. Different dietetic approaches have been proposed in this setting, and in this review, we will discuss the evidence regarding the efficacy of the Mediterranean Diet as a treatment for NAFLD. In particular, we will report the effects on liver-related outcomes.
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Omega-3 PUFAs, specifically EPA and DHA, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
“omega-3 PUFAs, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are renowned for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (95–97).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Plaz Torres, M. C., Aghemo, A., Lleo, A., Bodini, G., Furnari, M., Marabotto, E., Miele, L., & Giannini, E. G.
- Affiliations
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Humanitas University (IT)
- Divisione di Medicine Interna ed Epatologia, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (IT)
- University of Genoa (IT)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Giannini, Edoardo G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-12-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2971
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6949938
- OpenAlex
- W2993007679
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Genova (Fondi di Ricerca di Ateneo)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, lifestyle modification, weight loss, metabolic syndrome, dietary therapy, liver-related outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Humans, Life Style, Liver, Weight Loss, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Diet, Mediterranean, Adiposity, End Stage Liver Disease, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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