Somatosensory Amplification, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Hepatitis B: Impact on Functionality
Open accessAbstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the differences in body image along with anxiety and depression levels, and also to evaluate their impact on disability parameters in patients with hepatitis B.Our study comprised 77 patients with hepatitis B (n = 41, chronic active patients; n = 36, patients with inactive hepatitis B) and 53 healthy individuals (control group). Enrolled patients responded to several questionnaires, including a sociodemographic form, Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Somatosensory Amplification Scale.Patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) had higher levels of somatosensory perception than patients with inactive hepatitis B (IHB) and control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Patients with CAHB had high scores on all the 3 domains of SDS (work/school, P < 0.001; social life, P < 0.001; and family life, P < 0.001). Also, patients with CAHB had a significantly higher HADS total score, HADS anxiety score, and HADS depression score than control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was noted between patients with CAHB and patients with IHB with regard to HADS depression score; however, HADS anxiety and HADS total scores were significantly higher in the CAHB group (NS, P = 0.027, P = 0.035, respectively). Moreover, the IHB group exhibited higher scores for the work/school and social life domains of SDS than those of the control group (P = 0.008, P = 0.047).Although patients with CAHB may present with somatosensory amplification, anxiety, and depression, patients with IHB do not exhibit such symptoms. However, functionality is affected in both carrier and active patient groups. We believe that routine health checks of patients with hepatitis B should include psychiatric evaluation, psychiatric examination, and follow-up.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The prevalence of depression in patients with hepatitis B virus has been examined, though limited data on rates of anxiety are available.
“The prevalence of DEP in patients with HBV has been examined, [12,17,23,28,31,32] though limited data on rates of ANX are available.[17,28]”
From Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms by liver disease etiology (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Yilmaz and colleagues showed that 60% of patients with hepatitis B virus endorsed depression compared with 47.2% of patients with inactive hepatitis B virus and 25% of healthy controls.
“Yilmaz and colleagues showed that 60% of patients with HBV patients endorsed DEP compared with 47.2% of patients with inactive HBV and 25% of healthy controls.”
From Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms by liver disease etiology (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
48.7% of patients with hepatitis B virus endorsed anxiety, followed by 33.5% and 20.7% of those with inactive hepatitis B virus or healthy controls.
“Similarly, 48.7% of patients with HBV endorsed ANX, followed by 33.5% and 20.7% of those with inactive HBV or healthy controls.[28]”
From Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms by liver disease etiology (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139 · see citing works
An Assay for Circulating Antibodies to a Major Etiologic Virus of Human Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis
Kuo, G. C., Choo, Q. L., Alter, H. J., Gitnick, G., Redeker, A. G., Purcell, R. H., Miyamura, T., Dienstag, J. L., Alter, M. J., Stevens, C. E., et al. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2496467 · Cited by 3,340 · see citing works
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
European Association for the Study of the Liver (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.010 · Cited by 2,918 · see citing works
Panahi, M., Naderi, M., Morteza, T. S., & Parizadeh, S. M. J. (2007) · Cited by 1,722 · see citing works
Assessing Psychiatric Impairment in Primary Care with the Sheehan Disability Scale
Leon, A. C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., & Sheehan, D. V. (1997) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/t8em-c8yh-373n-1uwd · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Lok, A. S. F., & McMahon, B. J. (2001) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.29401 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
The amplification of somatic symptoms.
BARSKY, A. J., Goodson, J. D., Lane, R. S., & Cleary, P. D. (1988) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198809000-00007 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
(1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.8.976 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
The Somatosensory Amplification Scale and its relationship to hypochondriasis
BARSKY, A. J., Wyshak, G., & Klerman, G. L. (1990) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(90)90004-a · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Side effects of α interferon in chronic hepatitis C
Dusheiko, G. M. (1997) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510260720 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Balfour, H. H. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199904223401608 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Driscoll, J. S. (2002) · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The Assessment of Social Adjustment
Weissman, M. M. (1975) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760210091006 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“They treated me like a leper”
Zickmund, S. L., Ho, E. Y., Masuda, M., Ippolito, L., & LaBrecque, D. R. (2003) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20826.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Assessing health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C using the Sickness Impact Profile.
Davis, G. L., Balart, L. A., Schiff, E. R., Lindsay, K. L., Bodenheimer, H. C., Perrillo, R. P., Carey, W., Jacobson, I. M., Payne, J., & Dienstag, J. L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Psychiatric disorders and associated factors in cancer
Härter, M. C., Reuter, K., Aschenbrenner, A., Schretzmann, B., Marschner, N. W., Hasenburg, A., & Weis, J. (2001) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00136-8 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Ho, S. B., Nguyen, H. A., Tetrick, L. L., Opitz, G., Basara, M. L., & Dieperink, E. W. (2001) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03468.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Rossi, P., Faroni, J., Tassorelli, C., & Nappi, G. (2013) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-10 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Manjarrez, E., Rojas‐Piloni, G., Méndez‐Balbuena, I., & Flores, A. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-06-01997.2003 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Manjarrez, E., Diez-Martínez, O., Méndez‐Balbuena, I., & Flores, A. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00212-4 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Association between somatic amplification, anxiety, depression, stress and migraine
Yavuz, B. G., Aydınlar, E. I., Dikmen, P. Y., & İncesu, C. (2013) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-53 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Marcellin, P., Lau, G. K. K., Zeuzem, S., Heathcote, E. J., Pockros, P. J., Reddy, K. R., Piratvisuth, T., Farci, P., Chow, W. C., Jia, J., et al. (2008) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01696.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Depression in Korean Immigrants With Hepatitis B and Related Liver Diseases
Kunkel, E. J. S., Kim, J. S., Hann, H. W., Oyesanmi, O., Menefee, L. A., Field, H. L., Lartey, P. L., & Myers, R. E. (2000) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.41.6.472 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Özkan, M., Çorapçıoğlu, A., Balcıoğlu, İ. C., Ertekin, E., Khan, S., Özdemir, S., Karayün, D., Ünsalver, B. Ö., Kocaman, N., Kaymakglu, S., et al. (2006) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/d37y-x0jy-39mj-pvxq · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Turkish form of the Somatosensory Amplification Scale
Güleç, H., & Sayar, K. (2007) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01606.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Psychiatric disorders and functioning in hepatitis B virus carriers
Atesci, F. C., Cetin, B. C., Oguzhanoglu, N. K., Karadag, F., & Turgut, H. (2005) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.46.2.142 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Yeşilova, Y., Bez, Y., Arı, M., Kaya, M., & Alpak, G. (2011) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.3109/09546634.2011.608782 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh Social Anxiety and Poor Quality of Life in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Kıbrıslı, E., Bez, Y., Yılmaz, A., Aslanhan, H., Taylan, M., Kaya, H., Tanrıkulu, A. Ç., & Abakay, Ö. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000413 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Psychosocial impact of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus on British patients.
Lok, A. S.-F., van Leeuwen, D. J., Thomas, H. C., & Sherlock, S. (1985) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.61.4.279 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dayan, S., Tekin, A., Tekin, R., Dal, T., Hoşoğlu, S., Yazgan, Ü. C., Bekçibaşı, M., & Gül, K. (2013) · The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · doi:10.3855/jidc.2835 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationSomatization in depression and anxiety disorders
Özen, E. M., Serhadlı, Z. N. A., Türkcan, A. S., & Ülker, G. E. (2010) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.5350/dajpn2010230109t · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Somatosensory amplification and menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors and midlife women
Carpenter, J. S., Igega, C. M., Otte, J. L., Burns, D. S., Yu, M., & Wu, J. (2014) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.02.006 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Demir, N. A., Celik, M. S., Kölgelier, S., Sümer, Ş., Aksöz, S., Demir, L. S., & Aç, İ. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bennett, L., Rose, D. E., Jackson, A. C., & Thomas, S. (1998) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/713612344 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ertekin, Ö., Özakbaş, S., İdıman, E., & Algün, C. (2012) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.4274/npa.y6213 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
[Amplification: somatosensory or cognitive?].
Jimenez Moron, D., & Sáiz Ruiz, J. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [15]Aydemir O Guvenir T Kuey L Kultur S Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1997; 8: 280– 287.
- [24]Çeler A Kara İH Baltacı A Çeler H Investigation of the relationship of job satisfaction and depression level among medical faculty research assistants. Konuralp Medical J 2015; 7: 125– 133.
- [31]Ertekin Ö Özakbaş S İdiman E The effects of low and severe disability on walking abilities and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: 6-month follow-up study. Arch Neuropsychiatry 2013; 50: 23– 29.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kong, L., Yao, Y., Li, L., Zhao, Q., Wang, T., & Li, Y. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14610 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Low, C. E., Ge, G., Yeong, T. J. J., Rana, S., Loke, S., Kow, W. C. A., Lee, A. R. Y. B., & Ho, C. S. H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1546545 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Liu, M., Li, L., Zheng, S.-J., Zhao, J., Ungvari, G. S., Hall, B. J., Duan, Z.-P., & Xiang, Y. (2017) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2017.02.004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A study on smartphone dependence and depression in Korean high school students
Park, S., & Yoo, J.-Y. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033354 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhu, L., Lu, W., Gamoso, W., Tan, Y., Johnson, C. K., & Grace, X. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12020188 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms by liver disease etiology
Doyle, T., Schmidt, B., & Scaglione, S. (2023) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1097/cld.0000000000000068 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Huang, W., Wu, X., Yao, Z., Gu, Y., Lai, X., Meng, L., & Peng, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1214151 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Bedensel Duyumları Büyütme ve Somatizasyon
Özsoy, F., & Kulu, M. (2020) · Konuralp Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.18521/ktd.515659 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Psoriasis and Its Relationship With Somatosensory Amplification, Health Anxiety, and Depression
Gürel, G., Öncü, I. N. S., Güler, D., Durusu, İ. N., & Soylu, S. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.34037 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Evaluation of empathy and biopsychosocial approaches of medical faculty assistant doctors
Cicek, E., Yılmaz, A. N., & Aslanhan, H. (2019) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_384_19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yang, G., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Han, B., & Sun, D. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24346-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Викторовна, Б. С., Bruhovich, O. M., & Okulova, E. O. (2017) · Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention · doi:10.31631/2073-3046-2017-16-3-72-77
- Authors
- Yilmaz, A., Ucmak, F., Dönmezdil, S., Kaya, M. C., Tekin, R., Günes, M., Arslan, N., & Bulut, M.
- Affiliations
- Dicle University (TR)
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- e3779
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4902371
- OpenAlex
- W2406841833
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- hepatitis B, somatosensory amplification, anxiety, depression, body image, disability, chronic active hepatitis B, psychiatric comorbidity, mental health screening
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Body Image, Depression, Female, Hepatitis B, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, Severity of Illness Index, Socioeconomic Factors, Hepatitis B, Chronic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
