The effect of web-based double-eye control program on the prevention of pediatric medication errors of nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Medication errors in the pediatric population are a major patient safety problem, leading to death, disability, or prolonged hospitalization. This study investigated the effect of medication skills training provided to senior pediatric nursing students through simulation and a web-based Double-Eye Control Program (DECP) on students’ pediatric medication error rates. Methods: This quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest study was conducted using structured, non-participant observation. The outcomes were overall medication error rate and subcategories (preparation, administration, follow-up, and recording). In the pre-intervention stage, students administered medication to a pediatric mannequin according to a scenario. The intervention consisted of simulation training supported by a web-based DECP. No randomization was performed. Post-intervention, students repeated the same scenario using the DECP. Data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and interrater reliability among 4 observers was assessed using Fleiss’ Kappa. Results: The mean overall error rate decreased from 55.37% before the intervention to 13.52% after the intervention. Preparation, administration, follow-up, and recording error rates all significantly decreased ( P < .001). Conclusion: The web-based DECP integrated with simulation significantly reduced pediatric medication administration errors among student nurses.
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PMSC encompasses competencies including accurate medication calculation, safe administration practices, clinical decision-making, and effective communication with caregivers.
“PMSC encompasses competencies including accurate medication calculation, safe administration practices, clinical decision-making, and effective communication with caregivers [1,4,5].”
From Development and pilot evaluation of an AI-based pediatric medication safety virtual simulation program for nursing students: a quasi-experimental study in South Korea (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
The Methods (§2.4) describe students calculating doses, checking patient-specific medication guidance, and using the program to prevent administration errors; the Discussion (§4) also stresses calculation skills. These passages support calculation, safe administration, and aspects of clinical decision-making, but the paper does not describe PMSC as a defined set of competencies or address communication with caregivers. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredClinical placements in pediatric wards are limited, so students may have fewer opportunities to gain sufficient experience administering medications to pediatric patients.
“As clinical placements in pediatric wards are limited, students may have fewer opportunities to gain sufficient experience in administering medications to pediatric patients [4].”
From Development and pilot evaluation of an AI-based pediatric medication safety virtual simulation program for nursing students: a quasi-experimental study in South Korea (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
Materials and Methods (§2.3; page not provided) says nursing students have limited clinical experience with pediatric medication administration and describes 96 hours of pediatric clinical practice. The Introduction also says patient-safety concerns make such experience difficult to obtain, but the paper does not say that limited pediatric ward placements are the reason. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLimited opportunities for active participation may make it difficult for nursing students to translate theoretical learning into practical competence.
“In addition, limited opportunities for active participation may make it difficult for students to translate theoretical learning into practical competence [4,5].”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cho, I. Y., Cho, S., Im, M. Y., Jeong, H. J., Choi, J., Choi, I. H., & Kim, H. Y. (2026) · Child Health Nursing Research · doi:10.4094/chnr.2026.016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Özgüven Öztornaci, B., Karakul, A., Ardahan Akgül, E., Doğan, P., Yildirim Sari, H., & Başbakkal, Z.
- Affiliations
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, İzmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir, Türkiye
- Tarsus University (TR)
- Ege University (TR)
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2025-12-05
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 49
- Pages
- e46222
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1536-5964
- OpenAlex
- W4417063848
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Keywords
- pediatric medication errors, simulation-based training, nursing students, medication administration, patient safety, medication error prevention, pediatric nursing education
- MeSH terms
- Simulation Training, Child, Clinical Competence, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Errors, Pediatric Nursing, Students, Nursing, Internet
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