The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adult development and quality of life of transgender and gender nonconforming people
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Research on the health of transgender and gender nonconforming people has been limited with most of the work focusing on transition-related care and HIV. The present review summarizes research to date on the overall development and quality of life of transgender and gender nonconforming adults, and makes recommendations for future research. RECENT FINDINGS: Pervasive stigma and discrimination attached to gender nonconformity affect the health of transgender people across the lifespan, particularly when it comes to mental health and well-being. Despite the related challenges, transgender and gender nonconforming people may develop resilience over time. Social support and affirmation of gender identity play herein a critical role. Although there is a growing awareness of diversity in gender identity and expression among this population, a comprehensive understanding of biopsychosocial development beyond the gender binary and beyond transition is lacking. SUMMARY: Greater visibility of transgender people in society has revealed the need to understand and promote their health and quality of life broadly, including but not limited to gender dysphoria and HIV. This means addressing their needs in context of their families and communities, sexual and reproductive health, and successful aging. Research is needed to better understand what factors are associated with resilience and how it can be effectively promoted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Since its introduction, which focused on sexual minorities, minority stress theory has been expanded to include gender minorities [3–5]”
From Minority stress theory: Application, critique, and continued relevance (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Meyer, I. H. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674 · Cited by 14,736
Self-citationColeman, E., Bockting, W. O., Botzer, M., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Cuypere, G. D., Feldman, J., Fraser, L., Green, J., Knudson, G., Meyer, W. J., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Transgenderism · doi:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873 · Cited by 3,273
Self-citationHendricks, M. L., & Testa, R. J. (2012) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0029597 · Cited by 2,134
Stigma, Mental Health, and Resilience in an Online Sample of the US Transgender Population
Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Swinburne Romine, R. E., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301241 · Cited by 1,540
Self-citationWorldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Baral, S. D., Poteat, T., Strömdahl, S., Wirtz, A. L., Guadamuz, T. E., & Beyrer, C. (2013) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70315-8 · Cited by 1,461
for the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Team, Herbst, J. H., Jacobs, E. D., Finlayson, T. J., McKleroy, V. S., Neumann, M. S., & Crepaz, N. (2008) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9299-3 · Cited by 933
Budge, S. L., Adelson, J. L., & Howard, K. A. S. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031774 · Cited by 782
A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality
Zhou, J., Hofman, M. A., Gooren, L. J., & Swaab, D. F. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378068a0 · Cited by 779
Clements-Nolle, K. D., Marx, R., Guzman, R., & Katz, M. H. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.6.915 · Cited by 776
Minority stress and physical health among sexual minority individuals
Frost, D. M., Lehavot, K., & Meyer, I. H. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-013-9523-8 · Cited by 665
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Sevelius, 2013, Gender affirmation: a framework for conceptualizing risk behavior among transgender women of color., Sex Roles, 68, 675, 10.1007/s11199-012-0216-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Savic, 2011, Sex dimorphism of the brain in male-to-female transsexuals., Cereb Cortex, 21, 2525, 10.1093/cercor/bhr032 · DOI
- Zubiaurre-Elorza, 2014, Effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on cortical thickness in transsexual individuals., J Sexual Med, 11, 1248, 10.1111/jsm.12491 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–181 of 181
How Does Minority Stress Relate to Sexual Wellbeing? A Scoping Review
Paquette, M., Herrera-Roberge, J., Jacmin-Park, S., Couture, S., Girouard, A., & Bergeron, S. (2024) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-024-00398-x · Cited by 7
Development and validation of the Transgender Adolescent Stress Survey–Minority Stress (TASS-MS)
Goldbach, J. T., Schrager, S. M., Wood, J. K., O’Brien, R. P., Dunlap, S. L., & Rhoades, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1448693 · Cited by 8
More to come: Perspectives and lived experiences of adults aging with HIV
Cherry, S. T., Tyagi, K., Bailey, J., Reagan, B., Jacuinde, V., Soto, J. K., Klinger, I. A., & Mutchler, M. G. (2021) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/10538720.2021.1946669 · Cited by 7
Factors associated with poor quality of life of transgender people
Coswosck, K. H. C., Moreira, J. A., Navarro, J. H. D. N., Guandalini, V. R., & Marques-Rocha, J. L. (2022) · Discover Social Science and Health · doi:10.1007/s44155-022-00020-2 · Cited by 7
Alper, D. P., Almeida, M. N., Rivera, J. C., Hosseini, H. C., Williams, M. C. G., Long, A. S., Prassinos, A., Mookerjee, V. G., Persing, J. A., & Alperovich, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000009415 · Cited by 7
Roselló‐Peñaloza, M., Julio, L., & Gómez, P. (2023) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2023.0088 · Cited by 7
Dismantling Gender Binaries: An Emergent Model for Nonbinary Identity Development
Dolan, C. V., & Garvey, J. C. (2024) · Journal of Women and Gender in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/26379112.2024.2306850 · Cited by 7
Gass, B. V., Horvath, K. J., Marrow, E., Rood, B. A., & Pantalone, D. W. (2020) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2020.0035 · Cited by 6
Gender dysphoria: Quality of online information for gender reassignment surgery
Torto, F. L., Mori, F., Bruno, E., Giacomini, G., Turriziani, G., Firmani, G., Marcasciano, M., & Ribuffo, D. (2023) · JPRAS Open · doi:10.1016/j.jpra.2023.08.008 · Cited by 5
Casa, V. D., Malmquist, A., Mezzalira, S., & Miscioscia, M. (2024) · LGBTQ+ Family An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/27703371.2024.2325487 · Cited by 5
The Health Burden of Transfeminine Facial Gender Dysphoria: An Analysis of Public Perception
Nuyen, B. A., Kandathil, C. K., McDonald, D., Chou, D. W., Shih, C. W., & Most, S. P. (2020) · Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine · doi:10.1089/fpsam.2020.0192 · Cited by 5
Gümüşsoy, S., Hortu, İ., Dönmez, S., Dal, N. A., & Ergenoğlu, A. M. (2021) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12883 · Cited by 5
Patient-Reported Outcome (PROMIS) Scores Improve After Gender-Affirming Mastectomy
Sweitzer, K. R., Milek, D., Escandón, J. M., Sanderson, D. J., & Christiano, J. G. (2025) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000004240 · Cited by 4
Subedi, S. K., Martinez, J. A., Jolly, D., Wu, C. A., Nussbaum, L. S., Bridges, S., & Boskey, E. R. (2024) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.091 · Cited by 4
Meaning in life buffers mental health risks in South Indian transgender (Hijra) women
Pudushery, A. P., & Arur, A. A. (2025) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-02-2025-0058 · Cited by 4
Kline, K. M., & Randall, A. K. (2021) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/15538605.2021.1868378 · Cited by 5
Changes in the quality parameters of Cephalaria syriaca L. seed oil after the refining process
Duman, E. (2023) · Grasas y Aceites · doi:10.3989/gya.1123212 · Cited by 5
Koops, T. U., Andresen, J. B., Graugaard, C. L., Briken, P., Bahnsen, M. K., Andersson, M., & Frisch, M. (2023) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdad129 · Cited by 3
Subedi, S. K., Kant, J. D., Miranda, N., Anacheka-Nasemann, R., Martinez, J., & Ganor, O. (2024) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2024.2333533 · Cited by 3
Chilean Trans Men: Healthcare Needs and Experiences at the Public Health System
Gonzalez, S., & Bernales, M. (2022) · International Journal of Men s Social and Community Health · doi:10.22374/ijmsch.v5i3.93 · Cited by 3
Paine, E. A., Rivera‐Cash, D., Lopez, J., LeBlanc, A. J., Singh, A. A., & Bockting, W. O. (2023) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-023-04143-8 · Cited by 3
Self-citationSocial Biographies and Health Among Sexual and Gender Minority People
Thomeer, M. B., Reczek, C., & LeBlanc, A. J. (2021) · Advances in medical sociology · doi:10.1108/s1057-629020210000021011 · Cited by 3
Spirometry for Transgender and Nonbinary Patients
Roth, K. A. (2023) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202301-033ip · Cited by 3
narrativas de construcción identitaria de mujeres trans
Alvarado, M. F. A., Wozny, M., Grzona, S., & Zúñiga, M. J. (2018) · Millcayac · Cited by 3
More Research Is Needed to Understand the Trans Community
Marshall, S. A. (2017) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303723 · Cited by 3
Rice, M. D. (2023) · Advances in early childhood and K-12 education · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-9236-9.ch005 · Cited by 2
Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, F., & Lo, H. H. M. (2024) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2024.2333532 · Cited by 3
Chandler, L., & Tasker, F. (2024) · LGBTQ+ Family An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/27703371.2024.2394153 · Cited by 2
Tornello, S. L., Riskind, R. G., & Benson, L. (2025) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.70051 · Cited by 2
Mental Health Issues in Caring for the Transgender Population
Shadianloo, S., & Pleak, R. R. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05683-4_7 · Cited by 2
Gomes, D. D. F., Rangel, E. T., & Sauthier, M. (2019) · Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme · doi:10.31011/reaid-2019-v.88-n.26-art.2 · Cited by 2
Yazdkhasti, M., Molaeinezhad, M., Tarrahi, M. J., Karahmadi, M., & Salimi, H. (2023) · Advanced Biomedical Research · doi:10.4103/abr.abr_443_22 · Cited by 2
Hernández, P. A. H., Uribe, A. V. C., Díaz, L. A. S., & Orbegozo, L. J. V. (2023) · Saúde e Sociedade · doi:10.1590/s0104-12902023220112es · Cited by 2
Insights from Portuguese LGBTQ+ Associations on Trans Population’s Professional Integration
Baptista, J., & Costa, D. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13080386 · Cited by 2
Presenting a strengths-based ecological model for promoting well-being among LGBTQ+ adults
Cowand, A., Bresin, K., Todd, N. R., & Mekawi, Y. (2025) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101178 · Cited by 3
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PESSOAS TRANS NO ESTADO DE SERGIPE
Neto, P. M. F., Siuta, S. M. D. M. S., Silva, K., Dornelas, R., Granzotti, R. B. G., & Machado, E. D. O. M. (2020) · Editora Científica Digital eBooks · doi:10.37885/200901222 · Cited by 2
Madan, A. J. M. (2022) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i1-21 · Cited by 2
Theoretical basis for dance movement therapy with transgender and nonbinary people
Jackman, K. (2022) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2022.101910 · Cited by 3
Primary Care of Transgender Adults
Radix, A. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05683-4_4 · Cited by 2
Starki, S., & Amin, M. M. (2019) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.412 · Cited by 2
Klein, A. (2018) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 2
Ponprisan, P., Loahasiriwong, W., Nutravong, T., & Senahad, N. (2021) · Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University · doi:10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.5.43 · Cited by 1
Well-being in trans women: approaches from the occupational trajectories of health professionals
Hernández, P. A. H., Uribe, A. V. C., Díaz, L. A. S., & Orbegozo, L. J. V. (2023) · Saúde e Sociedade · doi:10.1590/s0104-12902023220112en · Cited by 1
Bjerkestrand, L. H., Stabbetorp, T. M., & Bye, H. H. (2025) · Frontiers in Organizational Psychology · doi:10.3389/forgp.2025.1584053 · Cited by 1
Minarim, D. S., Lew, K. P., Rajan, S., Morgan, K. M., Chintala, S. R., Anger, J. T., Ochoa, C. Y., Banegas, M. V., Rose, B. S., & Riviere, P. J. (2026) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.70409 · Cited by 1
Meenakshi, J. R., & Abhirami, K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8421-9_9 · Cited by 1
Third Eye Café: Sustaining Mainstream Transgender Employment
Mehta, N. (2020) · Asian Journal of Management Cases · doi:10.1177/0972820120936465 · Cited by 1
Raja, R., & Khan, M. A. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101878 · Cited by 1
Pre-hospital care of the transgender patient
Connolly, R. (2017) · Journal of Paramedic Practice · doi:10.12968/jpar.2017.9.4.151 · Cited by 1
Religion, Spirituality, and Health Behaviors: Intersections with Gender Diversity and Aging
Hopwood, R. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95031-0_8 · Cited by 1
PERILAKU PENCARIAN PENGOBATAN KOMUNITAS WARIA BERISIKO PENYAKIT MENULAR SEKSUAL DI KOTA PALOPO
Baharuddin, N. H., Thaha, R. M., & Salamah, A. U. (2019) · Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Maritim · doi:10.30597/jkmm.v1i3.8728 · Cited by 1
Gender Nonbinary Mental Health
dickey, L. M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067991.013.27 · Cited by 1
Geurts, B., & Nieder, T. O. (2020) · International Journal of Gender Sexuality and Law · doi:10.19164/ijgsl.v1i1.1002 · Cited by 1
Stephenson, R. B., Todd, K. P., Gamarel, K. E., Bonar, E. E., & Peitzmeier, S. M. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/28614 · Cited by 1
Sabino, T. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.99.2018.tde-26102018-150135 · Cited by 1
Factors Associated With Poor Quality of Life of Transgender PeoplePreprint
Coswosck, K. H. C., Moreira, J. A., Navarro, J. H. D. N., Guandalini, V. R., & Marques-Rocha, J. L. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1617378/v2 · Cited by 1
Uwumiro, F. E., Bojerenu, M. M., Obijuru, C. N., Oluwasemilore, O., Nwike, V., Abdul, S., Yeyehyirad, H., Silvia, U., Abesin, O., & Orjih, G. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.25.23294637 · Cited by 1
Bockting, W. O. (2024) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20240532 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGender affirmation surgery and the younger patient
Monstrey, S., Claes, K. E. Y., & Cuypere, G. D. (2018) · Pediatric Medicine · doi:10.21037/pm.2018.09.01
Abstract: The Landscape of Transgender Surgery in the United States
Hsiao, V., Kiwanuka, E., Woo, A. S., & Kwan, D. (2018) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/01.gox.0000547076.15676.58
Autonomia e integração dos usuários transexuais em estratégia de saúde da família
Gomes, D. D. F., Teixeira, E. R., Sauthier, M., Daher, D. V., Fortini, R. G., & Souto, J. D. S. S. (2021) · Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme · doi:10.31011/reaid-2019-v.88-n.26-art.445
Gender diversity in later life
Brien, J. L. O., & Whitbourne, S. K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816094-7.00015-5
Cândido, G. G., Lima, L. M., & de Moraes, J. B. E. (2013) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Factors Associated With Poor Quality of Life of Transgender PeoplePreprint
Coswosck, K. H. C., Moreira, J. A., Navarro, J. H. D. N., Guandalini, V. R., & Marques-Rocha, J. L. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1617378/v1
Stephenson, R. B., Todd, K. P., Gamarel, K. E., Bonar, E. E., & Peitzmeier, S. M. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.28614
van Trotsenburg, M., Luikenaar, R. A. C., & Meriggiola, M. C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108899987.003
Impact of Stigma and Resilience on the Health of Transgender and Nonbinary People
Kvach, E. J., & O’Connell, R. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108899987.009
The Health Psychologist Role in Providing Services to Transgender Veterans
George, S., Crocker, S., Voltmer, A., & James, L. C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12063-3_13
Gender Diversity Management in the Labor Market
Baptista, J., Costa, D., & Gonçalves, S. P. (2023) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-4181-7.ch010
Amzat, J., Kanmodi, K. K., Aminu, K., Ismail, A., & Salami, A. A. (2024) · Public Health Challenges · doi:10.1002/puh2.182 · Cited by 1
Henry, R. S., Allen-Flanagan, E., Wall, C. S. J., Marshall, Z., & Thombs, B. D. (2024) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2023.0172 · Cited by 1
Cricothyroid Approximation in Trans Women With Type A Cricothyroid Joints
Storck, C. A., Schaufelbuehl, A., Mueller, C., & Honegger, F. (2025) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.70105
Rhodes, S. D., Mann‐Jackson, L., Alonzo, J., Aguilar-Palma, S. K., Neffa-Creech, D., Keatley, J. G., Smart, B. D., & Montoya, J. A. (2025) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981251358706
Facial Feminization Surgery and Quality of Life in Transgender Women: Protocol for a Cohort Study
Donoso-Hofer, F., Carrasco-Soto, R. R., Cornejo‐Ovalle, M., & Martín, C. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/75065
Gaedecke, T., Jackman, K., George, M., Ryvicker, M. B., & Bockting, W. O. (2025) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2025.308263
Self-citationTuffield, D., Smith-Holmquist, N., McCormick, S. J., & Benton, M. J. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.003
Transgender people, obesity, and access to gender-affirming care: A review of the literature
Schofield, K. A., Vencill, J. A., Fonseca, E., Candelario-Pérez, L., Ramirez, J., Herndon, J. S., Muthusamy, K., & Koball, A. M. (2026) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2026.2661747
Effects of Gender-Affirming Surgery on Interoceptive Awareness
Williams, R. D., Akhter, H. M., Jenkins, L. E., Krause, C. M., Samson, K. K., Huang, C., Johnson, P. J., & Figy, S. C. (2026) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000004858
Dalzell, H. J. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-861-620251009
Metadata
- Authors
- Bockting, W., Coleman, E., Deutsch, M. B., Guillamon, A., Meyer, I., Meyer, W., Reisner, S., Sevelius, J., & Ettner, R.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bockting, Walter
- ORCID
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 188-197
- ISSN
- 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4809047
- OpenAlex
- W2415389318
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 2.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Tawani Foundation
- University of Minnesota
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH062246, P30MH043520)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R13HD084267)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Sexuality, and Education
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- transgender people, gender non-conforming people, adult development, quality of life, stigma and discrimination, mental health, resilience, social support, gender dysphoria, HIV, sexual and reproductive health, successful aging, lifespan development
- MeSH terms
- Gender Dysphoria, Adult, Age Factors, Female, Gender Identity, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Minority Groups, Prejudice, Public Opinion, Quality of Life, Stereotyping, Transsexualism, Health Status Disparities, Sex Reassignment Procedures, Gender-Affirming Procedures, Transgender Persons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review