A Review of the Etiology, Asssociated Comorbidities, and Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension
Abstract
The magnitude of increase in systolic blood pressure in response to the shift from supine to upright posture is considered to reflect the adequacy of orthostatic regulation. Orthostatic integrity is largely maintained by the interaction between the skeletal muscle pump, neurovascular compensation, neurohumoral effects, and cerebral blood flow regulation. Various physiological states and disease conditions may disrupt these mechanisms as seen in vasovagal syncope, dysautonomic orthostatic intolerance, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and decreased cerebral blood flow are strongly related. Even subclinical OH has been associated to different degrees with impaired cognitive function, decreased effort, reduced motivation, increased hopelessness, and signs of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and dementia, diabetes mellitus, and Parkinson disease. Furthermore, subclinical levels of inadequate blood pressure regulation in response to orthostasis have been linked to increased depression and anxiety and intergenerational behavioral sequelae between mother and child. Identifying causes of subclinical and clinical OH is critical in improving quality of life for both children and older adults. A better understanding of the underlying causes responsible for the etiology of OH could lead to a rational design of novel effective therapeutic regimens for the treatment of this condition and associated comorbidities.
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A more direct association is proposed between orthostatic hypotension and specific behavioral and emotional differences.
“Moreover, a more direct association is proposed between orthostatic hypotension and specific behavioral and emotional differences (34).”
From Joint Hypermobility Links Neurodivergence to Dysautonomia and Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
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ОРТОСТАТИЧЕСКАЯ ГИПОТЕНЗИЯ В ПСИХИАТРИИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ С КОММЕНТАРИЯМИ)
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Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
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- Authors
- Perlmuter, L. C., Sarda, G., Casavant, V., & Mosnaim, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mosnaim, Aron D.
- Venue
- American Journal of Therapeutics
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 279-291
- ISSN
- 1075-2765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013172832
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- orthostatic hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, vasovagal syncope, cerebral blood flow, orthostatic regulation, skeletal muscle pump, neurohumoral regulation, comorbidities, anxiety and depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dementia, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Humans, Hypotension, Orthostatic, Risk Factors, Cerebrum
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