Childhood obesity and the built environment
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Neighborhood factors are increasingly examined for their role in the childhood obesity epidemic. Whereas studies on the impacts of neighborhood factors on adult obesity are relatively common, studies examining these same factors on childhood obesity are far fewer. RECENT FINDINGS: Using the Ecological Systems Theory (EST) as a model, we sought to examine the strength of the literature with respect to neighborhood factors as outlined in EST. This includes factors related to the family and the school, which are embedded in larger social contexts of the community and society. These factors are often referred to in the literature as the 'built environment' which encompasses the entire range of structural elements in a residential setting including, for example, housing mix, transportation networks, public resources, and presence of sidewalks or trails. SUMMARY: Whereas progress has been made with respect to the body of evidence supporting the role of neighborhood factors on childhood obesity and obesity-related behaviors, much work remains to be done to enhance our understanding of neighborhood level factors. As the body of evidence grows, these studies will inform multilevel interventions which are urgently needed to tackle the growing epidemic of childhood obesity in the US.
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Across systematic reviews, 5 of 8 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children's active commuting.
“Across all these systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children’s physical activity; in 5 of 8 studies, between overall land-use mix and children’s active commuting; and in 3 of 3 studies, between distance from home to school and children’s active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [355]
Across systematic reviews, 3 of 3 studies found a positive relation between distance from home to school and children's active commuting.
“Across all these systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children’s physical activity; in 5 of 8 studies, between overall land-use mix and children’s active commuting; and in 3 of 3 studies, between distance from home to school and children’s active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [355]
Across systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children's physical activity.
“Across all these systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children’s physical activity; in 5 of 8 studies, between overall land-use mix and children’s active commuting; and in 3 of 3 studies, between distance from home to school and children’s active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [355]
After adjustment for confounders, magnitudes of relationships between land-use mix and children's physical activity or active commuting often remained quite large, especially for active commuting.
“After adjustment for confounders, magnitudes of these relationships often remained quite large (eg, OR 2- to 3-fold or higher associations), especially for active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [355]
None of the 3 unique studies of land-use mix and childhood adiposity observed significant relations between land-use mix and BMI or overweight/obesity in children.
“None observed significant relations between land-use mix and BMI or overweight/obesity in children.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [355]
Findings on neighborhood safety and childhood adiposity were mixed, and most studies did not find significant associations.
“Findings were mixed, and most studies did not find significant associations.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [355]
Few studies evaluated walkability and adiposity in either children or adults, with a minority of these observing positive findings.
“Few studies evaluated walkability and adiposity in either children or adults, with a minority of these observing positive findings.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [355]
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- Authors
- Galvez, M. P., Pearl, M., & Yen, I. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Galvez, Maida P
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Pediatrics
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202-207
- ISSN
- 1040-8703 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2896907
- OpenAlex
- W2030376859
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (ATU 300014)
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG027273)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P01ES009584, U01ES012771, U01ES019454)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000071, M01-RR-00071)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U58 DP001010, 5U58DP001010-02)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Keywords
- childhood obesity, built environment, neighborhood factors, ecological systems theory, family factors, school factors, multilevel interventions, transportation networks, housing mix, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Diet, Environment, Humans, Motor Activity, Obesity
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