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Cited by 61Pain Management and TreatmentPain Management and Placebo EffectPain Mechanisms and Treatments

Mind-Body Interventions for Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain in Persons with Amputation

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Moura, Vera Lucia, Faurot, Keturah R., Gaylord, Susan A., Mann, J. Douglas, Sill, Morgan, Lynch, Chanee, Lee, Michael Y.·2012·American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1097/phm.0b013e3182466034PMC PMC6457458
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Abstract

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a significant source of chronic pain in most persons with amputation at some time in their clinical course. Pharmacologic therapies for this condition are often only moderately effective and may produce unwanted adverse effects. There is growing empirical evidence of the therapeutic effectiveness of mind-body therapies for the relief of chronic pain; therefore, an exploration of their role in relieving amputation-related chronic pain is warranted. We undertook a focused literature review on mind-body interventions for patients with amputation who experience PLP. Because of study heterogeneity, only descriptive presentations of the studies are presented. Only studies of hypnosis, imagery, and biofeedback, including visual mirror feedback, were found; studies on meditation, yoga, and tai chi/qigong were missing from the literature. Few studies of specific mind-body therapies were dedicated to management of PLP, with the exception of mirror visual therapy. Overall, studies were largely exploratory and reflect considerable variability in the application of mind-body techniques, making definitive conclusions inadvisable. Nevertheless, the weight of existing findings indicates that a mind-body approach to PLP pain management is promising and that specific methods may offer either temporary or long-term relief, either alone or in combination with conventional therapies. The authors discuss the potential for usefulness of specific mind-body therapies and the relevance of their mechanisms of action to those of PLP, including targeting cortical reorganization, autonomic nervous system deregulation, stress management, coping ability, and quality-of-life. The authors recommend more and better quality research exploring the efficacy and mechanisms of action.

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  • Biofeedback has been used as an adjunctive treatment in a number of pain settings with good effect, such as with orofacial pain, headache in children, phantom limb pain, and musculoskeletal pain.

    “It has been used as an adjunctive treatment in a number of pain settings with good effect, such as with orofacial pain,43 headache in children,44 phantom limb pain,45 and musculoskeletal pain.46”

    From <p>Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm</p> (2020) · cites this paper as [45]

    The Results > Biofeedback section reports biofeedback treatment for phantom limb pain and some favorable outcomes: pain resolved in a case report, and sensory pain fell significantly in an uncontrolled trial. But that trial did not significantly reduce its primary pain-intensity outcome, so the unqualified description of a “good effect” overstates the evidence. The passage also does not establish that biofeedback was used specifically as an adjunctive treatment. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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1 of the 90 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [38]Rickard JA Effects of Hypnosis in the Treatment of Residual Stump and Phantom Limb Pain dissertation Pullman, WA Washington State University 2004
  2. [53]Wickramaskera I Hypnotherapy Moss D McGrady A Davies TC Handbook for Mind-Body Medicine for Primary Care Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications, Inc 2003 151 66

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Authors
Moura, V. L., Faurot, K. R., Gaylord, S. A., Mann, J. D., Sill, M., Lynch, C., & Lee, M. Y.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Moura, Vera Lucia
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2012-08
Volume
91
Issue
8
Pages
701-714
ISSN
0894-9115 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/phm.0b013e3182466034
PMC
PMC6457458
OpenAlex
W2001977714
Cited by
61
References
90
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (T32AT003378)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
phantom limb pain, amputation, mind-body interventions, hypnosis, imagery, biofeedback, mirror visual feedback, chronic pain management, cortical reorganization, stress management, coping, quality of life
MeSH terms
Amputation, Surgical, Humans, Phantom Limb, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Mind-Body Therapies

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