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Cited by 53Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPediatric Pain Management TechniquesPain Mechanisms and Treatments

A scoping review of chronic pain in emerging adults

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Brown, Donnamay, Schenk, Sabrina, Genent, Dunja, Zernikow, Boris, Wager, Julia·2021·PAIN Reports
DOI 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000920PMC PMC8546842
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Abstract

Much of the adult chronic pain literature addresses pain in typical pain cohorts of middle-aged to older individuals. To date, little research has focused on chronic pain in younger adults, who likely have a completely different pain experience. This scoping review aimed to address this gap by describing the emerging adult (18–29 years) chronic pain experience regarding prevalence, associated factors, outcomes, and pain management. Searches of primary electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were performed on February 26, 2020, restricting the publication date from database inception to December 31, 2019. The search strategy, conducted in English, covered search term combinations of “chronic pain” and “young adults.” A total of 6,612 records were considered—3,141 after removing duplicates. These records were screened by title and abstract; 871 through full-text screening. Of these, 78 articles covered the topic of emerging adults with chronic pain. Collectively, results indicated that between 5% and 30% of emerging adults experience chronic pain, depending on the sample and exact chronic pain definition. The most consistent associated factors were female sex, familial chronic pain, and previous experiences of chronic pain in childhood. Anxiety, depression, and sleep issues appeared associated both before and after the onset of chronic pain. Outcomes of pain included interruptions to study and work, poorer physical functioning, and pain-related interference to socializing. We observed that few pain treatments have been tested specifically in this cohort. A greater ongoing focus on chronic pain in emerging adults is required to improve long-lasting outcomes.

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  • Young adults with chronic pain report symptom invalidation and helplessness when consulting adult primary and specialty care providers due to their age.

    “However, likely unique to this emerging adult population, they report that due to their age, they experience symptom invalidation and helplessness when consulting adult primary and specialty care providers.6,8,14,15”

    From Internet-Delivered Psychological Pain-Management for Young Adults With Chronic Pain: An Investigation of Clinical Trial Data (2024) · cites this paper as [8]

    The Results sections on barriers to health care and social interference report that emerging adults with chronic pain felt their illness was invalidated because of their age and described dependence on health care providers. The review does not specifically report helplessness or locate these experiences in consultations with adult primary and specialty care providers. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • Internet-delivered psychological pain-management provides a solution to some of the barriers to accessing appropriate care reported by young adults, such as lack of services and negative experiences with in-person care.

    “Internet-delivered psychological pain-management provides a solution to some of the barriers to accessing appropriate care reported by young adults, such as lack of services and negative experiences with in-person care.8,12”

    From Internet-Delivered Psychological Pain-Management for Young Adults With Chronic Pain: An Investigation of Clinical Trial Data (2024) · cites this paper as [8]

    The Results (§3.6.5) describe difficulty accessing specialized treatment and negative experiences of care, while the Discussion (§4.1) suggests that more online treatment options could better meet emerging adults’ needs. The review does not establish that internet-delivered psychological pain management provides a solution to those barriers specifically. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Brown, D., Schenk, S., Genent, D., Zernikow, B., & Wager, J.
Affiliations
Witten/Herdecke University (DE)
Corresponding author
Wager, Julia
ORCID
Venue
PAIN Reports
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2021-01
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
e920
ISSN
2471-2531 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/pr9.0000000000000920
PMC
PMC8546842
OpenAlex
W3155883529
Cited by
53
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
FWCI
1.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PAIN Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
chronic pain, emerging adults, young adults, prevalence, associated factors, pain management, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, physical function, pain interference, sex differences

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