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Common and Dissociable Neural Activity After Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Relaxation Response Programs
Open accessAbstract
Objective: We investigated common and dissociable neural and psychological correlates of two widely used meditation-based stress reduction programs. Methods: Participants were randomized to the Relaxation Response (RR; n = 18; 56% female) or the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; n = 16; 56% female) programs. Both programs use a “bodyscan” meditation; however, the RR program explicitly emphasizes physical relaxation during this practice, whereas the MBSR program emphasizes mindful awareness with no explicit relaxation instructions. After the programs, neural activity during the respective meditation was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Both programs were associated with reduced stress (for RR, from 14.1 ± 6.6 to 11.3 ± 5.5 [Cohen's d = 0.50; for MBSR, from 17.7 ± 5.7 to 11.9 ± 5.0 [Cohen's d = 1.02]). Conjunction analyses revealed functional coupling between ventromedial prefrontal regions and supplementary motor areas ( p < .001). The disjunction analysis indicated that the RR bodyscan was associated with stronger functional connectivity of the right inferior frontal gyrus—an important hub of intentional inhibition and control—with supplementary motor areas ( p < .001, family-wise error [FWE] rate corrected). The MBSR program was uniquely associated with improvements in self-compassion and rumination, and the within-group analysis of MBSR bodyscan revealed significant functional connectivity of the right anterior insula—an important hub of sensory awareness and salience—with pregenual anterior cingulate during bodyscan meditation compared with rest ( p = .03, FWE corrected). Conclusions: The bodyscan exercises in each program were associated with both overlapping and differential functional coupling patterns, which were consistent with each program's theoretical foundation. These results may have implications for the differential effects of these programs for the treatment of diverse conditions.
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![FIGURE 3 A, Functional coupling of rIFGpo (circled in gray) for the RR group (bodyscan > rest contrast). The results demonstrated coupling of rIFG regions with ACC, SMAs, and aINS during RR bodyscan. B, Differences between the functional coupling of rIFG seed to whole brain between the RR and the MBSR groups (bodyscan > rest; Table 3A). A between-group analysis of the [bodyscan > rest] contrasts yielded a significant cluster in supplementary and presupplementary motor areas for the RR group in both hemispheres with the peak coordinates (−04, +04, + 0; 194 voxels, cluster p-FWE = .000067). rIFGpo = inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis; RR = relaxation response; rIFG = right inferior frontal gyrus; MBSR = mindfulness-based stress reduction.](/paper-figures/8b4c086e4c734b3a84e00ee6c6acb8fb/common-and-dissociable-neural-activity-after-mindfulness-based-stress-reduction-figure-3.jpg)
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“Because we used an a priori search region mask, we did not detect brain changes previously reported following MBSR, such as amygdala 48 and somatosensory regions.49”
From Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Mindfulness Meditation in Brain Changes During Reappraisal and Acceptance Among Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
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“Changes induced by MBSR in insular activity and functional connectivity are well-established and attributed to alterations in interoception, exteroception and emotional information processing.25,28,29”
From Distinct and shared therapeutic neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based and social support stress reduction groups in adults with autism spectrum disorder (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“It was reported that a functional change in insula was induced by MBSR (Sevinc et al., 2018) or MBSR tasks (Farb et al., 2013), as well as dispositional mindfulness (Laneri et al., 2017).”
From Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices (2022) · cites this paper as Sevinc et al., 2018
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“While relaxation is not a goal per se in mindfulness exercises, it is often reported as an outcome of mindfulness training (Sevinc et al., 2018).”
From Participant experiences of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for anxiety disorders. (2020) · cites this paper as Sevinc et al., 2018
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“It has also been established that these interventions are associated with decreased levels of psychological distress (Goldberg et al., 2018; Hofmann et al., 2010; Sevinc et al., 2018).”
From Participant experiences of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for anxiety disorders. (2020) · cites this paper as Sevinc et al., 2018
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sevinc, G., Hölzel, B. K., Hashmi, J., Greenberg, J., McCallister, A., Treadway, M., Schneider, M. L., Dusek, J. A., Carmody, J., & Lazar, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 439-451
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-7796
- PMC
- PMC5976535
- OpenAlex
- W2799668744
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 9.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1s10rr019307-01, UL1TR000170)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG048351)
- National Center for Research Resources (S10-RR019307, S10RR023401)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT003425)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, relaxation response, meditation, stress reduction, functional connectivity, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula, self-compassion, rumination
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Relaxation Therapy, Stress, Psychological, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Connectome, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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