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Prevalence and Comorbidity of Psychiatric Diagnoses Based on Reference Standard in an HIV+ Patient Population
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity based on reference standard diagnostic criteria in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Psychiatric illness is common in patients with HIV and has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. Among those persons with psychiatric illness, psychiatric comorbidity (multiple simultaneous diagnoses) is associated with increased psychiatric severity and higher HIV risk behaviors. METHODS: A total of 152 consecutively presenting HIV+ patients at an academic medical center in the southeastern US completed a modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) Edition) that assessed mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in the past year and past month. RESULTS: Fifty percent and 33% of patients had a past-year and past-month diagnosis, respectively. The most common diagnoses were mood disorders (32% past year/21% past month) followed by anxiety (21%/17%) and substance use disorders (22%/11%). Half of those with past-year disorders and 40% of those with past-month disorders met the criteria for multiple diagnoses. Of those with a mood disorder in the past month, 53% also had an anxiety or substance use disorder; of those with an anxiety disorder, 62% also had a mood or substance use disorder; and of those with a substance use disorder, 63% also had a mood or anxiety disorder. Psychiatric comorbidity was associated with younger age, White non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, and greater HIV symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders was the exception rather than the rule in this sample. Potential co-occurring disorders should be considered for HIV+ patients presenting with a psychiatric diagnosis.
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“Indeed, up to 63% of PWH meet criteria for a co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorder [22, 23], with depression and anxiety being the most common psychiatric co-morbidities [23, 24].”
From A Randomized Feasibility/Acceptability Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for People with HIV Who Drink at Unhealthy Levels. (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gaynes, B. N., Pence, B. W., Eron, J. J., & Miller, W. C.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gaynes, Bradley N.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 505-511
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2900836
- OpenAlex
- W2053387848
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH01951-03, K23MH001951)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P30AI050410)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-000046, M01RR000046)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- HIV, psychiatric comorbidity, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, prevalence, psychiatric diagnosis, race and ethnicity, age
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Southeastern United States, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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