Reciprocal Affiliation Among Adolescent Rats During a Mild Group Stressor Predicts Mammary Tumors and Lifespan
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OBJECTIVE: Although the detrimental physical health effects of social isolation have been known for three decades, the answers to how and why social relationships generally improve health remain elusive. Social relationships are not always beneficial, and we examined a structural dimension that may bring about their salubrious effects: affiliative reciprocity during a stressor. METHODS: In a lifespan study, female rats lived with their sisters and were tested for temperament, affiliative reciprocity during an everyday stressor at puberty, corticosterone response to a stressor, mammary tumor development and diagnosis, and death. RESULTS: Rats that affiliated more reciprocally during a mild group stressor survived longer (p = .0005), having exhibited a lower corticosterone peak in response to an acute novel stressor in late adulthood (p = .0015), and longer time to the development of spontaneous mammary tumors (p = .02). These effects could not be explained solely by the number of affiliative interactions or individual temperament. Indeed, affiliative reciprocity and neophobia were independent and predicted mortality additively (p = .0002). CONCLUSIONS: Affiliative reciprocity during a stressor, a structural quality of social interactions, protected females from early mammary tumor development (the primary pathology in Sprague-Dawley rats) and early all-cause mortality. Conversely, lack of reciprocity (whether disproportionately seeking or receiving attempted affiliation) was as potent a risk factor as neophobia. Thus a social role increased risk additively with individual temperament. Our data indicate that affiliative reciprocity functions as a buffer for everyday stressors and are likely mediated by attenuated reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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In controlled laboratory settings, social contact is linked to longer lifespan across many social species, including insects, rodents, and primates.
“Even in controlled laboratory environments (where external threats to survival are absent), the presence of social contact is associated with increased lifespan across a range of social species including honeybees, ants, Drosophila melanogaster22,23, mice24,25, and rats26–28, as well as in free-ranging groups of macaques29, and baboons30.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Yee, J. R., Cavigelli, S. A., Delgado, B., & McClintock, M. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yee, Jason R.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1050-1059
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5767077
- OpenAlex
- W2150587208
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG018911, AG018911)
- National Cancer Institute (F31CA130267, CA130267)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES012382, P50ES012382)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD08693, F32HD008693)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Keywords
- interpersonal relationships, social stress, mammary tumors, lifespan, mortality, corticosterone, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neophobia, puberty, social isolation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Corticosterone, Disease Models, Animal, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Longevity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Rodent Diseases, Role, Sexual Maturation, Social Behavior, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Mammary Neoplasms, Animal, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Siblings, Rats
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