The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Visionary Spiritual Experiences
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Acute onset of symptoms for 3 months or less was considered indicative of a positive psychological outcome.56”
In the citing paper
“In their reviews, Prins,59 Lukoff,56 and Menezes60 agree that greater passivity would likely be more associated with psychopathological aspects,56,59”
In the citing paper
“Lukoff56 considers that “absolute belief is not a sign of pathology in itself,” since “all beliefs that are personally significant tend to be held with absolute conviction.”56”
In the citing paper
“This is due to their potential ‘phenomenological overlap.’56”
In the citing paper
“different narrative reviews have pointed out that the distinction between religious beliefs and delusions may not rely solely on content.56”
In the citing paper
“Narrative reviews also agree that experiencing shorter episodes over the course of a lifetime tends to be related to non-pathological experiences.”
In the citing paper
“Lukoff56 suggests that so-called spiritual experiences tend to be “generally transitory and resolve themselves completely, without leaving residual social difficulties or isolation; in contrast, psychotic disorders usually persist for a long period and involve continual impairment and social withdrawal.”57”
In the citing paper
“Lukoff56 highlighted the “absence of conceptual disorganization and confusion” as a differentiating criterion between the groups, which could be evidenced by characteristics such as “interruption of thought, incoherence, and blockage.”56”
Citations
Cites
Dodds, E. R. (1951) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520931275 · Cited by 2,249
Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
(1977) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/002216787701700308 · Cited by 1,729
The discovery of the unconscious : the history and evolution of dynamic psychiatry
ELLENBERGER, H. F. (1970) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 1,085
Peters, E. R., Joseph, S. A., & Garety, P. A. (1999) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401 · Cited by 771
Alloy, L. B., & Kayne, N. T. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.1.112 · Cited by 616
The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971
Cummings, M. C., & Gallup, G. H. (1973) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1858504 · Cited by 584
The Gallup Poll: public opinion, 2006
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-2971 · Cited by 580
Why God won't go away: brain science and the biology of belief
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-0259 · Cited by 533
(1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 311
Toward a More Culturally Sensitive DSM-IV
Lukoff, D. G., Lu, F. G., & TURNER, R. (1992) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199211000-00001 · Cited by 295
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Wallace, 1956, Int Rec Med Gen Pract Clin, 169, 761
- Lukoff, 1985, Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 17, 123
- Chapman, 1996, Hosp Community Psychiatry, 47, 69
- Epstein, 1982, Revision, 5, 67
- Liester, 1996, Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, &NA;, 28
- Heery, 1989, Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 21, 73
- Jackson, 1997, Philos Psychiatr Psychol, 1, 41
- Lukoff, 1991, Shamanʼs Drum, 22, 24
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brouwer, A., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120959637 · Cited by 174
Religion, Spirituality, and Psychosis
Menezes, A., & Moreira-Almeida, A. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-010-0117-7 · Cited by 77
Mental Health, Religion, and Spirituality
Oman, D., & Lukoff, D. G. (2018) · Religion, spirituality and health: a social scientific approach · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73966-3_13 · Cited by 49
Self-citationExceptional experiences reported by scientists and engineers
Wahbeh, H., Radin, D. I., Mossbridge, J., Vieten, C., & Arnaud Delorme, A. (2018) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2018.05.002 · Cited by 38
Holt, N. J., Simmonds-Moore, C. A., & Moore, S. L. (2008) · UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Lukoff, D.
- Affiliations
- Sofia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lukoff, David
- ORCID
- Lukoff, David
- Venue
- Southern Medical Journal
- Publisher
- Southern Medical Association
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 635-641
- ISSN
- 0038-4348 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116178711
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Southern Medical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
- Keywords
- visionary experience, spiritual experience, religious experience
- MeSH terms
- Culture, Delusions, Diagnosis, Differential, Hallucinations, Humans, Life Change Events, Psychotic Disorders, Spirituality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Visionary Spiritual Experiences. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/smj.0b013e318060072f
- The paper
- Lukoff, D. (2007). Visionary Spiritual Experiences. Southern Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e318060072f
