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Cited by 369Transplantation: Methods and OutcomesT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyRenal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mechanisms of Rejection: Current Perspectives

Wood, Kathryn J., Goto, Ryoichi·2012·Transplantation
DOI 10.1097/tp.0b013e31823cab44
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Abstract

Rejection is the major barrier to successful transplantation. The immune response to an allograft is an ongoing dialogue between the innate and adaptive immune system that if left unchecked will lead to the rejection of transplanted cells, tissues, or organs. Activation of elements of the innate immune system, triggered as a consequence of tissue injury sustained during cell isolation or organ retrieval and ischemia reperfusion, will initiate and amplify the adaptive response. T cells require a minimum of two signals for activation, antigen recognition, and costimulation. The activation requirements of naive T cells are more stringent than those of memory T cells. Memory T cells are present in the majority of transplant recipients as a result of heterologous immunity. The majority of B cells require help from T cells to initiate antibody production. Antibodies reactive to donor human leukocyte antigen molecules, minor histocompatibility antigens, endothelial cells, RBCs, or autoantigens can trigger or contribute to rejection early and late after transplantation. Antibody-mediated rejection triggered by alloantibody binding and complement activation is recognized increasingly as a significant contribution to graft loss. Even though one component of the immune system may dominate and lead to rejection being described in short hand as T cell or antibody mediated, it is usually multifactorial resulting from the integration of multiple mechanisms. Identifying the molecular pathways that trigger tissue injury, signal transduction and rejection facilitates the identification of targets for the development of immunosuppressive drugs.

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Metadata

Authors
Wood, K. J., & Goto, R.
Affiliations
John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Wood, Kathryn J.
ORCID
Goto, Ryoichi
Venue
Transplantation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2012-01-15
Volume
93
Issue
1
Pages
1-10
ISSN
0041-1337 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/tp.0b013e31823cab44
OpenAlex
W1973175840
Cited by
369
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 31
FWCI
6.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Transplantation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • British Heart Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Transplantation › Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Keywords
graft rejection, innate immune activation, adaptive immune response, T cell activation, costimulation, memory T cells, heterologous immunity, B cell help, antibody-mediated rejection, alloantibodies, complement activation, minor histocompatibility antigens, HLA antibodies, ischemia-reperfusion injury, graft loss
MeSH terms
B-Lymphocytes, Graft Rejection, Humans, Immunity, Innate, T-Lymphocytes, Signal Transduction, Organ Transplantation

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