HIV-1 associated dementia: update on pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infection with HIV-1 can induce dementia despite successful administration of life-prolonging highly active antiretroviral therapy. This review will discuss recent progress toward a better understanding of the pathogenesis and an improved design of therapies for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: Highly active antiretroviral therapy prolongs the lives of HIV patients, but the incidence of HIV-associated dementia as an AIDS-defining illness has increased and the brain is now recognized as a viral sanctuary that requires additional therapeutic effort. The neuropathology of HIV infection also has changed due to improved therapy, and while more similarities with other neurodegenerative diseases are being reported, predictive biomarkers remain elusive. However, improvements of in-vivo imaging technology and progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of HIV disease keep providing new insights. As such it appears that a prolonged activation of the immune system by HIV eventually leads to AIDS, and several lines of evidence indicate that simultaneously neurotoxic processes and impairment of neurogenesis both contribute to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. SUMMARY: The improved understanding of the interaction between HIV and its human host provides hope that adjunctive therapies to antiretroviral treatment can be developed for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
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Some HIV patients develop severe HAND (HAD) with motor and cognitive symptoms typical of Alzheimer patients.
“Although this condition is normally mild, some patients can develop a highly severe form of HAND known as HIV‐associated dementia (HAD), associated with extreme motor and cognitive symptoms typical of Alzheimer patients (Kaul, 2009).”
From The struggle of a good friend getting old: cellular senescence in viral responses and therapy (2021) · cites this paper as Kaul, 2009
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The struggle of a good friend getting old: cellular senescence in viral responses and therapy
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- Authors
- Kaul, M.
- Affiliations
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaul, Marcus
- ORCID
- Kaul, Marcus
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurology
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 315-320
- ISSN
- 1350-7540 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2779773
- OpenAlex
- W2039285894
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS050621)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- HIV-associated dementia, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HIV neuropathology, highly active antiretroviral therapy, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, predictive biomarkers, adjunctive therapy, in vivo brain imaging, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Biomarkers, HIV-1, AIDS Dementia Complex, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
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