CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases
Open accessAbstract
Infections of the nervous system are an important and challenging aspect of clinical neurology. Immediate correct diagnosis enables to introduce effective therapy, in conditions that without diagnosis may leave the patient with severe neurological incapacitation and sometimes even death. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a mirror that reflects nervous system pathology and can promote early diagnosis and therapy. The present chapter focuses on the CSF findings in neuro-infections, mainly viral and bacterial. Opening pressure, protein and glucose levels, presence of cells and type of the cellular reaction should be monitored. Other tests can also shed light on the causative agent: serology, culture, staining, molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. Specific examination such as panbacterial and panfungal examinations should be examined when relevant. Our chapter is a guide-text that combines clinical presentation and course with CSF findings as a usuaful tool in diagnosis of neuroinfections.
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Viral infections can lead to a modest change in cerebrospinal fluid parameters.
“These results are consistent with the assumption, that viral infections can lead to a modest change in cerebrospinal fluid parameters (18, 27)”
From Utilization of a Meningitis/Encephalitis PCR panel at the University Hospital Basel – a retrospective study to develop a diagnostic decision rule (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
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Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 237 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Macrophage compartmentalization in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid system
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“These results are consistent with the assumption, that viral infections can lead to a modest change in cerebrospinal fluid parameters (18, 27) and underline the important role of VZV and HHV-6 infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.”
ResultFard, G. H., & Anastasova, S. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24113294 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Post-craniotomy infections: A point-by-point approach
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Zellweger, R. M., Yacoub, S., Chan, Y. F. Z., Soon, D. T. L., Shafi, H., Ooi, S. T., Chan, M., Jacobson, L. W., Sessions, O. M., Vincent, A. C., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75088-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pearls & Oy-sters: Diagnosis and Subtyping of Listeria Ventriculitis in an Immunocompetent Host
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Oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with meningitis
Namıduru, E. S., Namıduru, M., Karaoğlan, İ., & Koçak, K. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.15584/ejcem.2022.1.10 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Hypothesis: the significance of Winterbottom's sign.
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Classical swine fever: Unveiling the complexity through a multifaceted approach
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Ferrini, S., Grego, E., Ala, U., Cagnotti, G., Valentini, F., Muro, G. D., Iulini, B., Stella, M. C., Bellino, C., & D’Angelo, A. (2022) · Veterinary Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s11259-022-09949-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hall, R., Atmaja, B. T., Sharma, B., & Cunningham, D. (2024) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2023-257523 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Benninger, F., & Steiner, I.
- Affiliations
- Rabin Medical Center (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Felix Benninger
- ORCID
- Felix Benninger
- Venue
- Handbook of clinical neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 146
- Pages
- 187-206
- ISSN
- 0072-9752 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7150022
- OpenAlex
- W2767051226
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 237
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Handbook of clinical neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- cerebrospinal fluid analysis, central nervous system infection, viral meningitis, bacterial meningitis, CSF opening pressure, cerebrospinal fluid protein, CSF glucose, CSF cell count, cerebrospinal fluid culture, serology, PCR, early diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Animals, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Chronic Disease, Communicable Diseases, Electroencephalography, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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