Caffeine-induced psychiatric manifestations: a review
Abstract
The association between caffeine consumption and various psychiatric manifestations has long been observed. We present two cases that show the ability of caffeine to induce psychotic and manic symptoms, and we also review the extant literature on caffeine-induced psychiatric manifestations. On the basis of our own and others' findings, we suggest that caffeine may be related to not only de-novo psychotic or mood symptoms but also to aggravation of pre-existing psychotic or mood disorders. We therefore suggest that caffeine consumption among patients with mood or psychotic symptoms should be assessed carefully in clinical practice as part of routine psychiatric evaluations.
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For schizophrenia, caffeine may exacerbate psychotic symptoms, although the majority of this literature is informed by case studies, with very few double-blind placebo-controlled studies.
“For other mental illness, such as schizophrenia, caffeine may exacerbate psychotic symptoms (209), although the majority of this literature is informed by case studies, with very few double-blind placebo-controlled studies (210).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [210]
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- Authors
- Wang, H. R., Woo, Y. S., & Bahk, W.-M.
- Affiliations
- Catholic University of Korea (KR)
- The Catholic University of Korea Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Bahk, Won-Myong
- Venue
- International Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 179-182
- ISSN
- 0268-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994369479
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- caffeine, manic symptoms, mood disorders, psychosis, caffeine consumption, psychiatric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Affect, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Bipolar Disorder, Caffeine, Coffee, Diet, Humans, Male, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Paranoid, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Treatment Outcome, Energy Drinks
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