Digit ratios predict polygyny in early apes, Ardipithecus , Neanderthals and early modern humans but not in Australopithecus
Open accessAbstract
Social behaviour of fossil hominoid species is notoriously difficult to predict owing to difficulties in estimating body size dimorphism from fragmentary remains and, in hominins, low canine size dimorphism. Recent studies have shown that the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D), a putative biomarker for prenatal androgen effects (PAEs), covaries with intra-sexual competition and social systems across haplorrhines; non-pair-bonded polygynous taxa have significantly lower 2D : 4D ratios (high PAE) than pair-bonded monogamous species. Here, we use proximal phalanx ratios of extant and fossil specimens to reconstruct the social systems of extinct hominoids. Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, Hispanopithecus laietanus and Ardipithecus ramidus have ratios consistent with polygynous extant species, whereas the ratio of Australopithecus afarensis is consistent with monogamous extant species. The early anatomically modern human Qafzeh 9 and Neanderthals have lower digit ratios than most contemporary human populations, indicating increased androgenization and possibly higher incidence of polygyny. Although speculative owing to small sample sizes, these results suggest that digit ratios represent a supplementary approach for elucidating the social systems of fossil hominins.
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Neanderthals had higher prenatal androgen exposure than anatomically modern humans.
“Evidence from digit ratio comparisons—a measure of prenatal androgen exposure [28]—further suggests that Neanderthals had higher prenatal androgen exposure than AMH [29].”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Nelson, E., Rolian, C., Cashmore, L., & Shultz, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Nelson, Emma
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2010-11-03
- Volume
- 278
- Issue
- 1711
- Pages
- 1556-1563
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC3081742
- OpenAlex
- W2150789656
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 17.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- 2D:4D digit ratio, polygyny, social systems, Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Neanderthals, early modern humans, proximal phalanx, body size dimorphism, intrasexual competition, monogamy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Fossils, Humans, Marriage, Pair Bond, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Hominidae, History, Ancient, Finger Phalanges
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