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Cited by 38Evolution and Paleontology StudiesPaleontology and Evolutionary BiologyAvian ecology and behavior

Multiple cenozoic invasions of Africa by penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes)

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Ksepka, Daniel T., Thomas, Daniel B.·2012·Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rspb.2011.1592PMC PMC3259938
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Abstract

Africa hosts a single breeding species of penguin today, yet the fossil record indicates that a diverse array of now-extinct taxa once inhabited southern African coastlines. Here, we show that the African penguin fauna had a complex history involving multiple dispersals and extinctions. Phylogenetic analyses and biogeographic reconstructions incorporating new fossil material indicate that, contrary to previous hypotheses, the four Early Pliocene African penguin species do not represent an endemic radiation or direct ancestors of the living Spheniscus demersus (blackfooted penguin). A minimum of three dispersals to Africa, probably assisted by the eastward-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar and South Atlantic currents, occurred during the Late Cenozoic. As regional sea-level fall eliminated islands and reduced offshore breeding areas during the Pliocene, all but one penguin lineage ended in extinction, resulting in today's depleted fauna.

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  • The genus Spheniscus comprises two more extant species besides Humboldt and African penguins: the Magellanic penguin and the Galapagos penguin.

    “The genus Spheniscus comprises 2 more extant species, other than Humboldt and African penguins: the Magellanic penguin (S. magellanicus) and the Galapagos penguin (S. mendiculus) (Ksepka and Thomas, 2012).”

    From Molecular Genetics Unveiled Unknown Family Relationships and Hybrids in an Ex-Situ Colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) (2018) · cites this paper as Ksepka and Thomas, 2012

    The Results (page unavailable) state that Spheniscus has four extant species and identify S. magellanicus as the sister species of the African penguin, S. demersus. Our copy does not identify the other two extant species as the Humboldt and Galapagos penguins, so it does not fully support the cited species list. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Based on molecular and morphological data, Galapagos and Humboldt penguins are considered sister species, as are Magellanic and African penguins.

    “Based on molecular and morphological dataset, Galapagos and Humboldt penguins are considered sister species, as are Magellanic and African penguins (Ksepka and Thomas 2012).”

    From Molecular Genetics Unveiled Unknown Family Relationships and Hybrids in an Ex-Situ Colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) (2018) · cites this paper as Ksepka and Thomas 2012

    The Methods describe an analysis combining morphological and molecular data, and the Results explicitly call African penguins (S. demersus) and Magellanic penguins (S. magellanicus) sister species. The passages in our copy do not establish the claimed sister relationship between Galápagos and Humboldt penguins. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Ksepka, D. T., & Thomas, D. B.
Affiliations
  • North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (US)
  • University of Cape Town (ZA)
Corresponding author
Ksepka, Daniel T.
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2011-09-07
Volume
279
Issue
1730
Pages
1027-1032
ISSN
  • 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
  • 0962-8452
  • 1471-2954
DOI
10.1098/rspb.2011.1592
PMC
PMC3259938
OpenAlex
W2146233142
Cited by
38
References
0
Citations by year
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FWCI
3.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
Keywords
penguins, Sphenisciformes, African penguin, Spheniscus demersus, fossil penguins, biogeography, dispersal, extinction, Cenozoic, Pliocene, sea-level change, ocean currents, phylogenetics
MeSH terms
Africa, Animals, Female, Fossils, Male, Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, Water Movements, Animal Migration, Spheniscidae, Extinction, Biological, Phylogeography

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