The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Time-series forecasting with deep learning: a survey
Open accessAbstract
Numerous deep learning architectures have been developed to accommodate the diversity of time-series datasets across different domains. In this article, we survey common encoder and decoder designs used in both one-step-ahead and multi-horizon time-series forecasting—describing how temporal information is incorporated into predictions by each model. Next, we highlight recent developments in hybrid deep learning models, which combine well-studied statistical models with neural network components to improve pure methods in either category. Lastly, we outline some ways in which deep learning can also facilitate decision support with time-series data. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Machine learning for weather and climate modelling’.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.04805 · Cited by 73,173
A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems
Kalman, R. E. (1960) · Journal of Basic Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.3662552 · Cited by 31,751
A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions
Lundberg, S., & Lee, S.-I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.07874 · Cited by 23,707
Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search
Silver, D., Huang, A., Maddison, C. J., Guez, A., Sifre, L., van den Driessche, G., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Panneershelvam, V., Lanctot, M., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16961 · Cited by 15,612
Rudin, C. (2019) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-019-0048-x · Cited by 10,561
High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence
Topol, E. J. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7 · Cited by 10,450
Learning long-term dependencies with gradient descent is difficult
Bengio, Y., Simard, P., & Frasconi, P. (1994) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/72.279181 · Cited by 8,542
“Why Should I Trust You?”: Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier
Ribeiro, M., Singh, S., & Guestrin, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations · doi:10.18653/v1/n16-3020 · Cited by 6,682
Research works printed but not linked: 60
- 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.12.005 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.1467-9892.2012.00805.x · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9892.2012.00805.x
- 10.14778/3137765.3137775 · DOI
- Andersen TG, 2005, Volatility forecasting, Natl Bur. Econ. Res., 11188
- Box GEP, 1976, Time series analysis: forecasting and control
- 10.1002/for.3980040103 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/mnsc.6.3.324 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1080/07474938.2010.481556 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/TPAMI.2013.50 · DOI · Paper page
- Paszke A et al. 2019 PyTorch: An imperative style high-performance deep learning library. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 Vancouver Canada 8–14 December 2019 pp. 8024–8035.
- Hyndman RJ, 2008, Automatic time series forecasting: the forecast package for R, J. Stat. Softw., 26, 1
- 10.1023/B:STCO.0000035301.49549.88 · DOI · Paper page
- Williams CKI Rasmussen CE. 1996 Gaussian processes for regression. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Denver CO 27–30 November 1995 .
- Damianou A Lawrence N. 2013 Deep Gaussian Processes. In Proc. of the Conf. on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) Scottsdale AZ 29 April–1 May 2013 .
- 10.1162/neco.1989.1.1.39 · DOI · Paper page
- Wan E. 1994 Time series prediction by using a connectionist network with internal delay lines. In Time Series Prediction pp. 195–217. Boston MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Sen R Yu HF Dhillon I. 2019 Think globally act locally: a deep neural network approach to high-dimensional time series forecasting. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) Vancouver Canada 8–14 December 2019 .
- Wen R Torkkola K. 2019 Deep generative quantile-copula models for probabilistic forecasting. In ICML Time Series Workshop Long Beach CA 9–15 June 2019 .
- Li Y Yu R Shahabi C Liu Y. 2018 Diffusion convolutional recurrent neural network: data-driven traffic forecasting. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Learning Representations ICLR Vancouver Canada 30 April–3 May 2018 .
- Ghaderi A Sanandaji BM Ghaderi F. 2017 Deep forecast: deep learning-based spatio-temporal forecasting. In ICML Time Series Workshop Sydney Australia 6–11 August 2017 .
- Salinas D Bohlke-Schneider M Callot L Medico R Gasthaus J. 2019 High-dimensional multivariate forecasting with low-rank gaussian copula processes. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) Vancouver Canada 8–14 December 2019 .
- Goodfellow I, 2016, Deep learning
- Bai S Zico Kolter J Koltun V. 2018 An Empirical evaluation of generic convolutional and recurrent networks for sequence modeling. (http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.01271) · arXiv
- Borovykh A Bohte S Oosterlee CW. 2017 Conditional time series forecasting with convolutional neural networks. (http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.04691) · arXiv
- Lyons RG, 2004, Understanding digital signal processing
- Salinas D Flunkert V Gasthaus J. 2017 DeepAR: probabilistic forecasting with autoregressive recurrent networks. (http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04110) · arXiv
- Rangapuram SS Seeger MW Gasthaus J Stella L Wang Y Januschowski T. 2018 Deep state space models for time series forecasting. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Montreal Canada 2–8 December 2018 .
- Lim B Zohren S Roberts S. 2020 Recurrent neural filters: learning independent Bayesian filtering steps for time series prediction. In Int. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks (IJCNN) Glasgow UK 19–24 July 2020 . · DOI
- Wang Y Smola A Maddix D Gasthaus J Foster D Januschowski T. 2019 Deep factors for forecasting. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML) Long Beach CA 9–15 June 2019 .
- 10.1207/s15516709cog1402_1 · DOI · Paper page
- Kolen JF Kremer SC. 2001 In Gradient Flow in Recurrent Nets: The Difficulty of Learning LongTerm Dependencies pp. 237–243.
- Bahdanau D Cho K Bengio Y. 2015 Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Learning Representations (ICLR) San Diego CA 7–9 May 2015 .
- Cho K Van Merriënboer B Gulcehre C Bahdanau D Bougares F Schwenk H Bengio Y. 2014 Learning phrase representations using RNN Encoder–Decoder for statistical machine translation. In Proc. of the 2014 Conf. on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) Dohar Qatar 25–29 October 2014 . · DOI · Paper page
- Vaswani A Shazeer N Parmar N Uszkoreit J Jones L Gomez AN Kaiser L Polosukhin I. 2017 Attention is all you need. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Long Beach CA 4–9 December 2017 .
- Dai Z Yang Z Yang Y Carbonell J Le Q Salakhutdinov R. 2019 Transformer-XL: attentive language models beyond a fixed-length context. In Proc. of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) Florence Italy 28 July–2 August 2019 . · DOI · Paper page
- Fan C Zhang Y Pan Y Li X Zhang C Yuan R Wu D Wang W Pei J Huang H. 2019 Multi-horizon time series forecasting with temporal attention learning. In Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) . · DOI · Paper page
- Li S Jin X Xuan Y Zhou X Chen W Wang YX Yan X. 2019 Enhancing the locality and breaking the memory bottleneck of transformer on time series forecasting. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) Vancouver Canada 8–14 December 2019 .
- Choi E Bahadori MT Sun J Kulas JA Schuetz A Stewart WF. 2016 RETAIN: an interpretable predictive model for healthcare using reverse time attention mechanism. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Barcelona Spain 5–10 December 2016 .
- Wen R Torkkola K Narayanaswamy B Madeka D. 2017 A multi-horizon quantile recurrent forecaster. In NIPS 2017 Time Series Workshop .
- 10.1016/j.neucom.2009.11.030 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.jeconom.2005.07.020 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0194889 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.03.015 · DOI
- 2020 The M4 Competition: 100 000 time series and 61 forecasting methods. Int. J. Forecast. 36 54–74. (doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.04.014) · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0169-2070(98)00009-0 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0169-2070(00)00057-1 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.03.017 · DOI · Paper page
- Lim B, 2019, Enhancing time-series momentum strategies using deep neural networks, J. Financ. Data Sci., 2
- Grover A Kapoor A Horvitz E. 2015 A deep hybrid model for weather forecasting. In Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) Sydney Australia 10–13 August 2015 . · DOI · Paper page
- Binkowski M Marti G Donnat P. 2018 Autoregressive convolutional neural networks for asynchronous time series. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML) Stockholm Sweden 10–15 July 2018 .
- 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2912823 · DOI · Paper page
- Bai T Zhang S Egleston BL Vucetic S. 2018 Interpretable representation learning for healthcare via capturing disease progression through time. In Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD) London UK 19–23 August 2018 . · DOI · Paper page
- Yoon J Jordon J van der Schaar M. 2018 GANITE: estimation of individualized treatment effects using generative adversarial nets. In Int. Conf. on Learning Representations (ICLR) Sydney Australia 6–11 August 2017 .
- Hartford J Lewis G Leyton-Brown K Taddy M. 2017 Deep IV: a flexible approach for counterfactual prediction. In Proc. of the 34th Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML) London UK 19–23 August 2018 .
- Alaa AM Weisz M van der Schaar M. 2017 Deep counterfactual networks with propensity dropout. In Proc. of the 34th Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML) Vancouver Canada 30 April–3 May 2018 .
- Mansournia MA, 2017, Handling time varying confounding in observational research, BMJ, 16, 359
- Lim B Alaa A van der Schaar M. 2018 Forecasting treatment responses over time using recurrent marginal structural networks. In NeurIPS .
- Li R Shahn Z Li J Lu M Chakraborty P Sow D Ghalwash M Lehman LW. 2020 G-Net: a deep learning approach to G-computation for counterfactual outcome prediction under dynamic treatment regimes. (http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10551) · arXiv
- Bica I Alaa AM Jordon J van der Schaar M. 2020 Estimating counterfactual treatment outcomes over time through adversarially balanced representations. In Int. Conf. on Learning Representations(ICLR) .
- 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.02.013 · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.02.013
Cited by
Transformers in Time Series: A Survey
Wen, Q., Zhou, T., Zhang, C., Chen, W., Ma, Z., Yan, J., & Sun, L. (2023) · Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/759 · Cited by 1,260
Jin, M., Koh, H. Y., Wen, Q., Zambon, D., Alippi, C., Webb, G. I., King, I., & Pan, S. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3443141 · Cited by 567
Nguyen, H. D., Tran, K. P., Thomassey, S., & Hamad, M. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102282 · Cited by 494
Deep Learning for Time Series Forecasting: Tutorial and Literature Survey
Benidis, K., Rangapuram, S. S., Flunkert, V., Wang, Y., Maddix, D., Turkmen, C., Gasthaus, J., Bohlke-Schneider, M., Salinas, D., Stella, L., et al. (2023) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3533382 · Cited by 382
Data Augmentation techniques in time series domain: a survey and taxonomy
Iglesias, G., Talavera, E., González-Prieto, Á., Mozo, A., & Gómez-Canaval, S. (2023) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-023-08459-3 · Cited by 347
Metadata
- Authors
- Lim, B., & Zohren, S.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2021-02-15
- Volume
- 379
- Issue
- 2194
- Pages
- 20200209
- ISSN
- 1364-503X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2962
- OpenAlex
- W3022643593
- Cited by
- 1,787
- References
- 23
- FWCI
- 110.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Time-series forecasting with deep learning: a survey. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1098/rsta.2020.0209
- The paper
- Lim, B., & Zohren, S. (2021). Time-series forecasting with deep learning: a survey. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0209
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.