The DOI matches its Crossref record; 218 of the 219 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Space in the brain: how the hippocampal formation supports spatial cognition
Open accessAbstract
Over the past four decades, research has revealed that cells in the hippocampal formation provide an exquisitely detailed representation of an animal's current location and heading. These findings have provided the foundations for a growing understanding of the mechanisms of spatial cognition in mammals, including humans. We describe the key properties of the major categories of spatial cells: place cells, head direction cells, grid cells and boundary cells, each of which has a characteristic firing pattern that encodes spatial parameters relating to the animal's current position and orientation. These properties also include the theta oscillation, which appears to play a functional role in the representation and processing of spatial information. Reviewing recent work, we identify some themes of current research and introduce approaches to computational modelling that have helped to bridge the different levels of description at which these mechanisms have been investigated. These range from the level of molecular biology and genetics to the behaviour and brain activity of entire organisms. We argue that the neuroscience of spatial cognition is emerging as an exceptionally integrative field which provides an ideal test-bed for theories linking neural coding, learning, memory and cognition.
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“Some of these spatial strategies necessarily involve complex learning and memory capabilities and require the concurrence of flexible representational mechanisms, the most remarkable of which probably is allocentric navigation based on map-like spatial memory”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Such hypothetical memory representations presumably encode the spatial relationships between all the known places and landmarks in a common allocentric reference frame or unitary global map, accessible as a whole, and that can operate to infer the spatial relationships between any of the represented elements.”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The hippocampus of tetrapods seems to be essential in tasks requiring the formation of a memory of the spatial relationships of multiple elements and cues of the environment and those demanding the flexible expression of previously acquired spatial knowledge [72,73,75,76].”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“A considerable amount of evidence shows that the medial pallium or hippocampus of land vertebrates plays a central role in allocentric spatial navigation.”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, in mammals [39,57,72,149], birds [97,98,99,150,151,152,153], and reptiles [112,154,155,156,157], the hippocampal lesions produce impairments on spatial tasks that require the use of map-like or relational spatial memory.”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mammalian extra-hippocampal cortical areas contain a variety of functionally specialized neurons with presumably distinct roles in the representation of space, i.e., “head direction cells”, “border cells”, and “grid cells”, that likely encode relevant spatial information in egocentric coordinates [72,193,194,195,196].”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
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“The tolerance to partial losses of spatial information has been proposed to be a key characteristic of the mammalian hippocampus-dependent map-like spatial memory”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
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“The “place cells”, i.e., hippocampal neurons that fire when the animal occupies a particular location of the space, have been proposed to be the higher instance of a brain system that builds up map-like spatial memory representations anchored in the external world, contributing to the neural computations required for allocentric navigation [39,72,74,197,198].”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
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In the citing paper
“These results closely resemble those obtained after hippocampus lesions in mammals, birds, and reptiles [39,57,72,97,98,112,152,157] and demonstrated that the dorsolateral telencephalon of teleost fish is a critical brain center for allocentric navigation based in map-like spatial memory.”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
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Citations
Cites
Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex
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LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS
Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 · Cited by 7,322
Cognitive maps in rats and men
Tolman, E. C. (1948) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0061626 · Cited by 6,641
Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions
Morris, R. G. M., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N. P., & O'Keefe, J. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/297681a0 · Cited by 6,340
Self-citationThe hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat
O'Keefe, J., & Dostrovsky, J. (1971) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90358-1 · Cited by 6,151
Self-citationThe hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128
Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity
Boyden, E. S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E., Nagel, G., & Deisseroth, K. A. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1525 · Cited by 5,015
Buzsáki, G. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.001.0001 · Cited by 4,873
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1 of the 219 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Milner AD, 1999, The hippocampal and parietal foundations of spatial cognition, 443
- 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010273 · DOI · Paper page
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Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition
Lisman, J., Buzsáki, G., Eichenbaum, H., Nadel, L., Ranganath, C., & Redish, A. D. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4661 · Cited by 851
Understanding the broad influence of sex hormones and sex differences in the brain
McEwen, B. S., & Milner, T. A. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23809 · Cited by 642
Can We Reconcile the Declarative Memory and Spatial Navigation Views on Hippocampal Function?
Eichenbaum, H., & Cohen, N. J. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.032 · Cited by 654
Virtual memory palaces: immersion aids recall
Krokos, E., Catherine Plaisant, B., & Varshney, A. (2018) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-018-0346-3 · Cited by 645
Computational Neuroethology: A Call to Action
Datta, S. R., Anderson, D. J., Branson, K., Perona, P., & Leifer, A. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.038 · Cited by 453
Metadata
- Authors
- Hartley, T., Lever, C., Burgess, N., & O'Keefe, J.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- Durham University (GB)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre (GB)
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2014-02-05
- Volume
- 369
- Issue
- 1635
- Pages
- 20120510
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC3866435
- OpenAlex
- W2146561158
- Cited by
- 495
- References
- 219
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 15
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (095811)
- Medical Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/G01342X/2, BB/G01342X/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- hippocampal formation, spatial cognition, place cells, head direction cells, grid cells, boundary cells, theta oscillations, spatial representation, neural coding, computational modelling, memory, learning
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Cognition, Computer Simulation, Hippocampus, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Space Perception, Theta Rhythm, Mice, Rats
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