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Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?

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Foley, Nicole M., Springer, Mark S., Teeling, Emma C.·2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0140PMC PMC4920340
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Abstract

Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regarding the position and divergence time of the root of placental mammals, and certain ‘hard nodes’ such as the Laurasiatheria polytomy and Paenungulata that seem impossible to resolve. Here, we explore recent consensus and conflict among mammalian phylogenetic studies and explore the reasons for the remaining conflicts. The question of whether the mammal tree of life is or can be ever resolved is also addressed. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks’.

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Authors
Foley, N. M., Springer, M. S., & Teeling, E. C.
Affiliations
  • University College Dublin (IE)
  • University of California, Riverside (US)
Corresponding author
  • Springer, Mark S.
  • Teeling, Emma C.
ORCID
Venue
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2016-07-19
Volume
371
Issue
1699
Pages
20150140
ISSN
  • 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-2970
DOI
10.1098/rstb.2015.0140
PMC
PMC4920340
OpenAlex
W2469290580
Cited by
264
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 2
FWCI
5.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (DEB-1457735)
  • European Research Council (ERC-20120StG311000)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant Diversity and Evolution
Keywords
Laurasiatheria, Euarchontoglires, Xenarthra, Afrotheria, polytomies, Paenungulata, divergence time estimation, phylogenetic conflict, molecular phylogeny
MeSH terms
Animals, Mammals, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Evolution, Molecular

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