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Human empathy through the lens of social neuroscience.
Open accessAbstract
Empathy is the ability to experience and understand what others feel without confusion between oneself and others. Knowing what someone else is feeling plays a fundamental role in interpersonal interactions. In this paper, we articulate evidence from social psychology and cognitive neuroscience, and argue that empathy involves both emotion sharing (bottom-up information processing) and executive control to regulate and modulate this experience (top-down information processing), underpinned by specific and interacting neural systems. Furthermore, awareness of a distinction between the experiences of the self and others constitutes a crucial aspect of empathy. We discuss data from recent behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies with an emphasis on the perception of pain in others, and highlight the role of different neural mechanisms that underpin the experience of empathy, including emotion sharing, perspective taking, and emotion regulation.
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“Intact ability to distinguish between the self and other then allows the observer to attribute the emotional state to the observed individual, thereby reducing personal distress, and giving rise to empathic concern (Bird and Viding, 2014; Coll, Viding, et al., 2017; Davis, 1980; Decety and Lamm, 2006; Moriguchi et al., 2007b).”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Decety and Lamm, 2006
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“A growing number of neuroimaging studies reliably documents that witnessing pain in others activates a similar network as the first-hand experience of pain [12], [34 for reviews].”
From What are you feeling? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the modulation of sensory and affective responses during empathy for pain (2007) · cites this paper as [12]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Decety, J., & Lamm, C.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychology Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- University of Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- Lamm, Claus
- Venue
- The Scientific World JOURNAL
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 1146-1163
- ISSN
- 1537-744X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5917291
- OpenAlex
- W2144872492
- Cited by
- 1,051
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Scientific World JOURNAL (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- empathy, social neuroscience, emotional sharing, executive function, top-down processing, bottom-up processing, self-other distinction, perspective taking, emotion regulation, neural mechanisms of empathy
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Brain Mapping, Empathy, Biological Evolution, Humans, Models, Psychological, Nerve Net, Neurosciences, Psychology, Social, Social Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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